ارزيابي مقايسه‌اي مكاني-زماني پارامترهاي كيفي آب و سلامت رودخانه زيارت با استفاده از تحليل آماري و شاخص كيفي NSFWQI

Evaluation of Spatial-Temporal Comparisons of Water Quality Parameters and Health of Ziarat River using NSFWQI Quality Index and Statistical Analysis

ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب رودﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ، از ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺨﯿﺰ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺎﯾﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب، ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ دارد. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ زﯾﺎرت اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﭘﺲ از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري از 6 اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه در ﻃﻮل رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ از آذر 1395 ﺗﺎ ﺗﯿﺮﻣﺎه 1396، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ NSFWQI ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ آب، از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ و ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ، ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦدﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﺴﺎب از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﻣﯿﺰان Ca ،Na ،BOD و PO4 از دﯾﮕﺮ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻدﺳﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺒﯿﻦ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار و ﻗﻮي وﺟﻮد دارد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ اﮐﺴﯿﮋن ﻣﺤﻠﻮل، ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ذرات ﻣﺤﻠﻮل، ﮐﻠﺮ، ﺳﺪﯾﻢ، ﻓﺴﻔﺎت و ﻧﯿﺘﺮات ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 48/5 ،110/02 ،627/5 ،5/4 و 9/25 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ 1028 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوزﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺷﺎﺧﺺ NSFWQI در 6 اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ زﯾﺎرت در ﻣﺎهﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه اول )ﺗﻮل ﺑﻨﻪ، ﺑﺎﻻدﺳﺖ( در اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖﻣﺎه ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻋﺪدي 55، ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ و اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺷﺶ )ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦدﺳﺖ( در ﺗﯿﺮﻣﺎه ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻋﺪدي 35، ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دادهاﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺎﻻدﺳﺖ، ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦدﺳﺖ، ﺑﺪ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ از اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺎﻻدﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦدﺳﺖ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ، ﺑﺎر آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. از اﯾﻦرو ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﻣﯽﺑﺎﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺑﺎر آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﻻﯾﻨﺪه ﻧﻘﻄﻪاي و ﻏﯿﺮﻧﻘﻄﻪاي ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﮐﺮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﻣﮑﺎن ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮي در ﺧﺼﻮص ﭘﺎﯾﺶ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﻟﻮدهﮐﻨﻨﺪه و اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎزﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽﺳﺎزي اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ آﺑﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ را ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺆﺛﺮ از آن در ﻣﺼﺎرف ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽآورد. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ NSFWQI ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ، ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب را ﺑﻪ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻋﺘﻤﺎدي ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آن در راﺳﺘﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﺳﺎﯾﺮ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ، ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﻗﻠﻤﺪاد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد

Investigation of water quality variations in rivers is one of the important criteria for determining the health of watershed. Quantitative and qualitative monitoring plays an important role in sustainable management of river ecosystems. In this regard, the present study was carried out to evaluate the water quality of Ziarat River in Golestan Province, after water sampling from six stations along the river from December 2016 to July 2017 using NSFWQI index. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis were also used to find out the relationships between physical and chemical parameters of water. The results were compared with the standard values of the World Health Organization (WHO) and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The results of this study shows higher values of BOD, Na, Ca and PO4 at the downstream station, as compared to the ones in the upstream stations due to reciving wastewater from different sources. Statistical analysis indicates that there is a significant and strong relationship between some physical and chemical parameters of the river. The results showed that the mean concentration of DO, TDS, Cl, Na, Po4 and NO3 are 5.4, 627.5, 110.02, 48.5 and 9.25 mg/l respectively, and the mean value of Electrical Conductivity was 1028 μs/cm. The comparison of NSFWQI values at the six stations of Ziarat River in different seasons indicated that the first station (Tolboneh, Upstream) had the highest value (55) in May, and the sixth station (Downstream) had the lowest value (35) in July. According to this index, the river water quality is medium in the upstream station and bad in the midstream and downstream stations. The results interpretation showed from upstream toward downstream stations, the pollution load increases and the water quality decreases. Therefore, in order to manage the river water quality, the focus should be done on emission control of point source and nonpoint sourec pollusions. The results of this study provide the opportunity for decision on monitoring and controlling pollutant sources and the proper measures for restoration of river ecosystem for effective use in various applications. Finally, according to the results obtained from NSFWQI index, it can be said that the NSFWQI index describes the quality of water resources easily and reliably and its application is usefull for water resources management of other rivers.