پديد آورندگان :
نامداريان، درسا دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز - دانشكده مهندسي علوم آب - گروه آبياري و زهكشي , ناصري، عبدعلي دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز - دانشكده مهندسي علوم آب - گروه آبياري و زهكشي , برومندنسب، سعيد دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز - دانشكده مهندسي علوم آب - گروه آبياري و زهكشي , پرويزي آلماني، مسعود موسسه تحقيقات و توسعه نيشكر خوزستان
كليدواژه :
بريكس , پل , درصد خلوص شربت , نسبت شاخه به ريشه
چكيده فارسي :
در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي زﯾﺮﺳﻄﺤﯽ و ﺟﻮﯾﭽﻪاي روي ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ )LAI(، ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه ﻧﯿﺸﮑﺮ، ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزروﯾﯽ اول ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دو ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي زﯾﺮﺳﻄﺤﯽ و دﯾﮕﺮي ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺟﻮﯾﭽﻪاي اﻧﺘﻬﺎﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﻫﺮ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺳﻪ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آﻣﺎري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﺎﻗﻪﻫﺎ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگﻫﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ، ﻃﻮل و ﻋﺮض ﺑﺮگ در ﻃﻮل ﯾﮏ ﻣﺘﺮ، در ﺷﺶ ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 119 ،112 ،105 ،99 ،91 و 128 روز ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﭘﻠﻨﺖ ﺷﻤﺎرش و اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺗﻌﺪاد و ﻃﻮل و ﻋﺮض ﺑﺮگ در ﻫﺮ دو روش آﺑﯿﺎري اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﺗﻌﺪاد، ﻃﻮل و ﻋﺮض ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ در آﺑﯿﺎري ﺟﻮﯾﭽﻪاي ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ و ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 100 ،7/6 و 3/2 و در آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي زﯾﺮﺳﻄﺤﯽ 7/2، 101 و 2/9 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﺎﻗﻪﻫﺎ و LAI در آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي زﯾﺮﺳﻄﺤﯽ، ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﯾﮏ و ﭘﻨﺞ درﺻﺪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺎ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺟﻮﯾﭽﻪاي داﺷﺖ. ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﺎﻗﻪﻫﺎ و ﻣﻘﺪار LAI در آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي زﯾﺮﺳﻄﺤﯽ 2/06 و 1/77 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ از آﺑﯿﺎري ﺟﻮﯾﭽﻪاي ﺑﻮد. LAI ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﺎﻗﻪﻫﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻤﺎم ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ در دو ﻧﻮع آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ. وزن 20 ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، ﺑﺮﯾﮑﺲ، ﭘﻞ، درﺻﺪ ﺧﻠﻮص ﺷﺮﺑﺖ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺷﮑﺮ زرد و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺷﮑﺮ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ در آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي زﯾﺮﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 2/8 ،0/08 ،2 ،1/3 ،9/7 و 45/4 درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ از آﺑﯿﺎري ﺟﻮﯾﭽﻪاي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. وزن، ﻃﻮل، ﺳﻄﺢ و ﺣﺠﻢ رﯾﺸﻪ در آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي زﯾﺮﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 32/9، 42/4 ،42/4 و 42/5 درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ از آﺑﯿﺎري ﺟﻮﯾﭽﻪاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻗﻄﺮ رﯾﺸﻪ در آﺑﯿﺎري ﺟﻮﯾﭽﻪاي 1/9 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ از آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي زﯾﺮﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ رﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎ در آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي زﯾﺮﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﻇﺮﯾﻒ، اﻓﺸﺎن و ﻋﻤﯿﻖﺗﺮ از آﺑﯿﺎري ﺟﻮﯾﭽﻪاي ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ رﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎ در آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي زﯾﺮﺳﻄﺤﯽ 20 درﺻﺪ ﻋﻤﯿﻖﺗﺮ از آﺑﯿﺎري ﺟﻮﯾﭽﻪاي ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. راﻧﺪﻣﺎن آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي زﯾﺮﺳﻄﺤﯽ و آﺑﯿﺎري ﺟﻮﯾﭽﻪاي در ﻣﺰارع ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 88/2 و 62/3 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻬﺮهوري ﻣﺼﺮف آب در آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي زﯾﺮﺳﻄﺤﯽ و ﺟﻮﯾﭽﻪاي ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 9/43 و 8/01 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻫﮑﺘﺎر اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
This study aimed to investigate the effect of subsurface drip irrigation on leaf area index, root distribution, quality and yield of sugarcane for the first ratoon. Two fields including one field with subsurface drip irrigation and other field with closed-end furrow irrigation were studied as control. Three measurement stations were selected in each field. The results were statistically analyzed. Number of plants, number of green leaves, leaf length and width over one meter were counted and measured six times at 91, 99, 105, 112, 119 and 128 days after harvesting of plant, respectively. Leaf number and leaf length and leaf width were not significantly different in both irrigations. Number, length and width of leaves in furrow irrigation averaged 7.6, 100 and 3.2 cm and in subsurface drip irrigation averaged 7.2, 101 and 2.9 cm. The number of plants and LAI were significantly different at 99 and 95% level. The number of plants and LAI were in subsurface drip irrigation 2.06 and 1.77 times higher than furrow irrigation, respectively. The LAI value was affected by the number of plants. The value of all qualitative parameters in subsurface drip irrigation was higher than furrow irrigation, but none of them had significant differences in two types of irrigation. Weight of 20 stalks, brix, POL, purity (PTY), yield (Y) and sugar yield (SY) in subsurface drip irrigation 9.7%, 1.3%, 2%, 0.08%, 2.8% and 45.4% were more than furrow irrigation respectively. Weight, length, area and volume in subsurface drip irrigation were 32.9%, 42.4%, 42.4% and 42.5% more than furrow irrigation, respectively. Diameter of root in subsurface drip irrigation was 1.9 times less than furrow irrigation. Therefore, roots in subsurface drip irrigation were finer and deeper than the furrow irrigation. Also, in subsurface drip irrigation the roots were 20% deeper than furrow irrigation. The efficiency of subsurface drip irrigation and furrow irrigation was 88.2% and 62.3%, respectively. Water use efficiency in subsurface drip and furrow irrigation was 9.43 and 8.01 kg/mm.ha, respectively.
