كليدواژه :
اصل توالي رسايي , قانون مجاورت هجا , فرايندهاي واجي , محدوديت , نظريه بهينگي
چكيده فارسي :
هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسي فرايندهايي است كه گويشوران زبان براي رعايت اصل توالي رسايي و قانون مجاورت هجا بر واژه هاي زبان اعمال مي كنند. بدين منظور، داده هاي زبان فارسي از گونه گفتاري گويشوران جمع آوري و صورت واجي آن ها با فرهنگ لغت مشيري (1388) مقايسه شده است. داده هاي گويش كردي هورامي از طريق مصاحبه با گويشوران و داده هاي مربوط به گويش هاي لفوري، تربت حيدريه و سبزواري از كامبوزيا (1385) استخراج شده است. از بين 1125 واژه بسيط گردآوري شده كه اصل رسايي در آن ها رعايت نمي شود، در 357 واژه، شاهد اعمال فرايندهاي واجي كشش جبراني، قلب، درج، حذف و جايگزيني يك واحد واجي با واحد واجي ديگر از سوي گويشوران زبان هستيم كه از اين ميان بسامد فرايندهاي كشش جبراني و قلب بيشتر از ديگر فرايندهاي واجي است. به علاوه، اين فرايندها بر واژه هاي يك، دو و سه هجايي اعمال مي شوند كه از اين ميان بسامد واژه هاي دوهجايي بيشتر از واژه هاي يك هجايي و سه هجايي است. در نهايت، فرايندهاي واجي مطرح شده در چارچوب نظريه بهينگي تبيين و رتبه بندي محدوديت ها مشخص مي شود.
چكيده لاتين :
The purpose of this study is to investigate those phonological processes, speakers
of Persian language and some of Iranian dialects use in order to observe the
sonority sequencing principle (SSP) and the syllable contact law (SCL). Among
the questions we would like answer the following questions: 1. what phonological
processes are used by the speakers of Persian language and some types of Iranian
languages in order to observe the sonority sequencing principle and the syllable
contact law and 2. What effect does the syllable number of the word have on the
application of phonological processes?. Based on the mentioned questions, these
hypotheses can be made: 1. the speakers of language use the phonological
processes of compensatory lengthening, metathesis, insertion, deletion and
substitution in order to observe the sonority sequencing principle and the syllable
contact law 2. The syllable number of the simple words does not have any effect
on the application of phonological processes.
However, in order to do this research, data of Persian language are collected
from the spoken language of the speakers. Then, their phonological forms are
compared with Moshiri’s dictionary (2008). Data of Kordi Hurami dialect are
gathered through interview with the speakers and data of Lafuri, Torbat
Heidariye and Sabzevari dialects are extracted from Kambuziya (2006).
Out of 1125 gathered simple words that do not conform to the SSP and the
SCL, the phonological processes of 'compensatory lengthening', 'metathesis',
'insertion', 'deletion' and 'substitution of a phonological unit with another
phonological unit' are applied to 357 words by language speakers. In sum, the
frequency analysis of data shows that:
The deletion of the glottal consonants / and / h / is more frequent in the two syllable words. In other words, this process occurs in 66/19 percent of
disyllabic words, 23/94 percent of tri syllabic words and 9/85 percent of one
syllable words. Furthermore, the constraint hierarchy for the phonological
process of deletion of the glottal consonants and the compensatory lengthening
of a vowel can be illustrated as: SON-SEQ>> No cluster-glottal, MAX-μ >>
MAX-IO.
The phonological process of metathesis is more frequent in the disyllabic
words. This process occurs in 65/74 percent of two syllable words, 25 percent of
monosyllabic words and 9/25 percent of three syllable words. In addition, the
constraint hierarchy for the application of metathesis can be shown as: SONSEQ>>
LINEARITY and SCL>> LINEARITY.
The process of insertion is more frequent in the disyllabicwords. This process
occurs in 96/87 percent of disyllabic words and in 3/12 percent of monosyllabic
words. The constraint hierarchy of this process can be indicated as: SONSEQ>>
DEP-IO.
An investigation of the extracted Persian simple words shows that the
sonority sequencing principle is not observed in 24 words with the structure of
/CVC1C2 / . In these cases, the process of deletion is not applied. When the
speakers use these monosyllabic simple words in combination with other
linguistic elements, the deletion of the final consonant occurs. However, the
constraint hierarchy of this process can be illustrated as: SON-SEQ>> MAX-IO.
The process of substitution occurs in some words of kordi Hurami dialect. In
other words, when the sonority sequencing principle is not observed in the initial
consonant cluster, the second member of the cluster which is less sonorant than
the first member is substituted with another consonant which is more sonorant
than the first member. The constraint hierarchy of this phonological process can
be shown as: SON-SEQ>> *STOP/#C >> IDENT (manner).
Thus, it can be argued that these processes are applied to mono, di and tri
syllabic words among which the frequency of disyllabic words is more than that
of one and tri syllabic words.
