ارزيابي پذيرش سازگاري با خشكسالي به كمك نظريه عمل منطقي، مورد مطالعه: كشاورزان استان چهارمحال و بختياري

Measuring acceptance of drought adaptation using theory of reasoned action, case study: farmers of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province

ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﺸﺎورزي و آﺑﺨﯿﺰداري ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺬﯾﺮش ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ از ﺳﻮي ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﯿﺎري ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﻣﻌﺎدل 66019 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮد و ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﮐﻮﮐﺮان ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 382 ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪ و در ﻫﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﯾﺎن از ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﺸﺎورزان اﯾﻦ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺮخ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ 96 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد. رواﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻈﺮات ﻧﻪ ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ اﺑﺰار ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه آزﻣﻮن ﻣﺠﺪد ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ داﻧﺶ )0/84=r(، ﻧﮕﺮش )r=0/91(، ﻫﻨﺠﺎر اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﯽ )r=0/87( و ﻗﺼﺪ رﻓﺘﺎري )r=0/86( ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ داﻧﺶ، ﻧﮕﺮش، ﻫﻨﺠﺎر اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﯽ و ﻗﺼﺪ رﻓﺘﺎري ﮐﺸﺎورزان در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﺮار دارد، ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﻨﺠﺎر اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﻦ داﻧﺶ و ﻧﮕﺮش ﮐﺸﺎورزان )r=0/72(، داﻧﺶ و ﻫﻨﺠﺎر اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﯽ )0/62- r=(، ﻗﺼﺪ رﻓﺘﺎري و ﻫﻨﺠﺎر اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﯽ )r=0/67(، درآﻣﺪ و داﻧﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزان )r=0/59(، درآﻣﺪ و ﻫﻨﺠﺎر اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﯽ )0/63- r=(، ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻮاد و ﻗﺼﺪ رﻓﺘﺎري )r=0/74( ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، اﺧﺘﻼﻓﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﮕﺮش ﮐﺸﺎورزان دﯾﻢ ﮐﺎر و آﺑﯽ ﮐﺎر و ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﺸﺎورزان دﯾﻢ ﮐﺎر و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽﮐﺎر ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﻨﺠﺎر اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﻦ دﯾﻢ ﮐﺎران ﺑﺎ دو ﮔﺮوه دﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﻔﺎوت آﻣﺎري ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﮔﺴﺘﺮدﮔﯽ ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﺎ، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺟﺪي ﻣﻮرد ﭘﺬﯾﺮش ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﺳﻄﺢ داﻧﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزان در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و ﻧﮕﺮش ﭼﻨﺪان ﻣﺜﺒﺘﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ. رﻓﺘﺎر ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﺶ از آنﮐﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ رﻓﺘﺎر ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﻗﺮار دارد.

Adaptation to drought is considered as one of the most important approaches in agricultural and watershed management. The purpose of this study is to assess the social acceptance of drought adaptation policies at a regional scale using the reasoned action theory. Information was collected through a questionnaire in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. The population size was 66019 and the sample size was 382. Samples were distributed according to the proportion to size of regions’ population. In each region, four settlements were selected randomly and the questionnaires were distributed randomly to the farmers. The response rate was 96%. Content validity has been approved by nine experts. Reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by test retest method. The correlation coefficients of the study constructs were confirmed; knowledge (r=0.84), attitude (r=0.91), subjective norm (r=0.87), and behavioral intention (r=0.86). The findings showed that knowledge, attitude, subjective norm and behavioral intention of farmers were at a moderate level, although the level of subjective norm was higher than other components. There were significant correlations between the knowledge and attitude (r=0.72), knowledge and subjective norms (r=-0.62), behavioral intention and subjective norms (r=0.67), income and knowledge (r=0.59), income and subjective norms (r=-0.63), literacy level and behavioral intentions (r=0.74). There were a significant difference between the attitude and subjective norms of farmers who engaged in dry farming and other farmers. Analysis of the findings showed that despite the increasing droughts, adaptation policies have not been seriously accepted by farmers. The level of knowledge and attitude of farmers about drought adaptation were not high and farmers' behavior was influenced by the behavior of other farmers rather than influenced by the policies of the institutions.