كليدواژه :
ميرجاوه , تجارت خارجي , قاچاق , حكومت پهلوي , گمرك
چكيده فارسي :
در طول تاريخ، مرزهاي شرقي ايران از گذرگاه‌هاي مهم سياسي و اقتصادي كشور بوده‌اند؛ به طوري كه تحولات منطقه و درون‌كشوري ﺗﺄثير مستقيمي بر رونق و كساد آنها داشته است. ميرجاوه از شهرهاي مرزي در استان سيستان‌وبلوچستان در شرق ايران است كه در نزديكي مرز پاكستان قرار دارد. در تاريخ معاصر، اين شهر ابتدا به‌واﺳﻄﮥ رقابت‌هاي روس و انگليس و سپس به علت راه‌آهني كه ميرجاوه را به كويته متصل مي‌كرد، حائز اهميت شد؛ به گونه‌اي كه براي دوره‌اي، از گمرك‌هاي مهم شرق كشور بود.
پس از جدايي پاكستان از هندوستان، اين شهر مرزي از رونق اقتصادي افتاد و درنتيجه، شيوﮤ معيشت مردم در آنجا تغيير كرد. در دﻫﮥ پنجاه شمسي/هفتاد ميلادي، دولت مركزي براي شناسايي وضعيت اقتصادي ميرجاوه پژوهشگراني به آنجا گسيل كرد. اين پژوهشگران از اقتصاد منطقه اطلاعات دقيقي ارائه كردند.
اين پژوهش براساس گزارش‌هاي ارائه‌شده از گمرك ميرجاوه در عصر پهلوي تهيه شده است و با طرح اين پرسش كه وضعيت اقتصادي، از نظر معيشتي و تجاري، ميرجاوه عصر پهلوي چگونه بوده است، تاريخ اقتصادي ميرجاوه را در دورﮤ محمدرضاشاه بررسي مي‌كند. يافته‌هاي پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد به علت رونق‌نداشتن كشاورزي و تجارت رسمي و نيز نزديكي اين شهر مرزي به زاهدان، قاچاق از مسير ميرجاوه رواج داشته و اقدامات صورت‌گرفته نيز بي‌اثر بوده است.
چكيده لاتين :
Iran’s eastern borders have historically been one of the country’s most important economic
routes, and developments in the region and within the country have had a direct impact on the
prosperity and decline of the routes. Mirjavah is one of the cities in Sistan and Baluchestan
province in eastern Iran. It is located near the border with Pakistan. The inhabitants of
Mirjavah are Baloch. Mirjavah became important in contemporary history first due to
Russian-British rivalries and it then became important because of the railway that connected
the city to Quetta. It was considered one of the most important customs in the east of the
country. The main reason for the development of this city was foreign trade and the existence
of railways. The border town fell into economic prosperity after Pakistan seceded from India.
As a result, people’s lifestyles changed. Researchers were sent there by the central
government in the 1970s to identify Mirjaveh's economic situation. This research was based
on some of these reports. The question of the research is: what was the economic situation of
Mirjavah in the Pahlavi era? The results showed that smuggling has flourished due to the lack
of prosperity in agriculture and formal trade, and the actions have been ineffective.
Introduction:
The present study aimed at investigating the economic and commercial situation of
Mirjavah during the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah and consisted of three parts: agriculture
and animal husbandry in Mirjaveh, trade and customs, and smuggling in Mirjavah. In the first
part, geographical location and climate show did not allow extensive agriculture and animal
husbandry. Considering the second part, people’s lives and problems have reportedly been
investigated after Pakistan seceded from India. Regarding the third part (smuggling of goods)
studies have shown that trafficking has flourished for various reasons. Material & Methods:
About the sources used and research methods, two very important sources were written
about this city. A View of Mirjavah is a manuscript written by Assadollah Alavi and Faramarz
Asadzadeh in 1975. This manuscript is in the library of the Zahedan Program and Budget
Organization Also, Mirjaveh Economic Report by Mahmoud Zand Moghadam is in the
library of the Tehran Program and Budget Organization which was prepared in 1976. Both
works have examined the city from an economic, social, and especially commercial point of
view. Sources include tables and pictures and additional descriptions. This research has been
written based on these reports, documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and interviews
with several people from Mirjavah.
Discussion of Results & Conclusions:
This article was written in all three cases about Mirjaveh's economic issues (agriculture,
animal husbandry, and trade). Mirjaveh air is warm and its natural environment is dry and the
rain in Mirjaveh is in the form of showers. Floods occur due to low and high ground.
Documents showed that there was no possibility of extensive agriculture and animal
husbandry in this city. Also, this article has covered problems such as the size of the area, lack
of border control, and lack of sufficient and trained forces at the borders. It was one of the
problems that fueled the issue of trafficking.
Lack of coordination between Pakistani and Iranian staff was another problem that
affected the city's economy and lack of traffic control at the borders has been another
economic and social problem of this city. The present study also discussed the type of
commercial goods smuggled. In the early years of the second Pahlavi regime, most of the gold
was smuggled across the border which the government at the time had made great efforts to
control. Wheat was another commodity that was always smuggled into this city. Gradually,
this trend has changed and with the strengthening of the central government, the goods
became more diverse and simpler. It has changed from gold and coins to wooden beds, tea,
spices, and old foreign clothes. Also, smuggled vehicles had changed from camels to cars. But
the city faced economic hardship during this period of border poverty and most of the people's
livelihood was through smuggling
Thus, the research findings showed due to the lack of prosperity in agricultural occupations
and official trade and the proximity of this border city to Zahedan, trafficking from Mirjaveh
route has flourished. The Pahlavi government in the 1960s and 1970s paid special attention to
the eastern borders and sought to establish better trade relations between Iran, Pakistan, and
Afghanistan. Therefore, the government had several plans for Sistan and Baluchistan
province. The plans were ineffective in the case of the city of Mirjavah and the city continued
to suffer from smuggling and economic poverty in the 1970s.
