پديد آورندگان :
رحماني، زهرا دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد نجف آباد، نجف آباد، ايران , خراساني، محبوبه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد نجف آباد - گروه زبان و ادبيات فارسي، نجف آباد، ايران , رشيدي، مرتضي دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد نجف آباد - گروه زبان و ادبيات فارسي، نجف آباد، ايران , رشيدي، مرتضي دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد نجف آباد - گروه زبان و ادبيات فارسي، نجف آباد، ايران
كليدواژه :
دورۀ مشروطه , طنز مطبوعاتي , روزنامه‌هاي اصفهان , روزنامۀ ناقور
چكيده فارسي :
طنز ازلحاظ محتوا يكي از انواع ادبي است كه طنزپرداز در آن، دلايل و نمادهاي عقب‌ماندگي، عيب‌ها و آسيب‌هاي ناراحت‌كنندة اجتماع را به‌منظور بهبود با طعم خنده و روش پررنگ و مبالغه‌آميز و همچنين با نگاهي به اوضاع عادي زندگي مطرح مي‌كند. در شكل‌گيري هر نوشتۀ طنزآميزي چهار ويژگي عمدة «خنده»، «مبالغه» «نقد اجتماعي» و «بهينه‌سازي» نقش‌آفرين است. گرچه نگاه طنزآميز براي عيانكردن ناهنجاريها و مشكلات سياسي و اجتماعي همواره در تاريخ و ادبيات ايران وجود داشته است، نميتوان به لحاظ بسامد و تشخص سبكي آن را با طنز روزگار مشروطه مقايسه كرد. فضاي نسبتاً آزادي كه به مدتي كوتاه براي نويسندگان و شاعران ايجاد شد، در كنار رسانۀ نوپديد روزنامه، جذابيت كافي براي قلمفرسايي طنزپردازان را فراهم آورد. در اصفهان، روزنامۀ ناقور به تقليد از ملانصرالدين و صوراسرافيل، شروع به انتشار كرد. در ستون «زشت و زيبا» كه به‌احتمال قريب‌به‌يقين به پيروي از «چرند و پرند» دهخدا نوشته ميشد، مطالب طنز جالبي درج ميشد كه موضوع اين نوشتار است. پژوهش حاضر به روش اسنادي و تحليل محتوايي به اين نتيجه ميرسد كه بازيهاي زباني و تفسير آنها، استفاده از تمثيل، ضربالمثل و حكايت براي انتقاد از اوضاع سياسي كشور با نگاهي طنزآميز، از مهمترين ابزارهاي طنزآفريني در اين روزنامه محسوب ميشود؛ چون اين روزنامه جزو روزنامه هاي محلي منتشرشده در اصفهان بوده، سعي كرده است از لهجه و اصطلاحات اصفهان و گاه اقليت ارامنه به فراخور در طنز خود بهره ببرد. طنز سياسي بيشترين كاربرد را در ميان ديگر موضوع ها دارد و مهمترين نقد بومي روزنامۀ ناقور، انتقاد از انجمن ولايتي اصفهان است. ستون زشت و زيبا به مسائل مذهبي به سبب حساسيت مردمي به خصوص در اصفهان كمتر پرداخته است.
چكيده لاتين :
Humor in terms of content is a literary genre in which the writer and the poet express the causes and reasons of backwardness, defects, corruptions, and painful inadequacies of a society with an intentionally adjusting look with a taste of laughter in an exaggerated way. The four main elements of "laughter", "exaggeration", "social criticism" and "reformism" are involved in the formation of any humorous writing. Although a humorous look to reveal political and social anomalies and problems has always existed in the Iranian history and literature, it can not be compared, in terms of frequency and stylistic characterization, with the humor of the constitutional era.
The relatively free and temporary atmosphere which was created for the writers and poets along with the emerging of newspaper media provided enough appeal for satirists to write. In Isfahan, the Naqour newspaper began to be published, imitating Mollansereddin and Sur Israfil. In the column "Ugly and Beautiful", which was probably written following Dehkhoda's "Nonsense and Birds", interesting humorous content was inserted.
This article is qualitative research and examines the text of the column "Ugly and Beautiful" in the whole statistical community published for one year. The method of analysis is documentation (newspaper) and content analysis from a satirical perspective.
Naqour newspaper (published in Isfahan from 1326 to 1327) was published under the management of Mirza Masih Tuyserkani. Its first issue was published on the 26th of Rabi al-Awal, 1326 AH, in Isfahan. This newspaper criticized the events of the society of that time and the activities of the Isfahan Provincial Association with a humorous and sometimes satirical expression. In its humor, Naqour, while playing with words and interpreting them, has used allegories and anecdotes to criticize the political situation of the country, and in this way, it has made humorous use of proverbs and presenting the letters of the readers. Most of Naqour's political satires are interpretive and how those satires deal with current events.
Its distinctive feature is the use of humor, language, and folklore, especially since this newspaper was one of the local newspapers and was published in Isfahan. It has tried to use the dialect and idioms of Isfahanians and sometimes the Armenian minority. In the ‘Ugly and Beautiful’ column of Naqour newspaper, most of the content is related to the country. The relatively high level of political issues in the newspaper is influenced by the main function of this newspaper as a political tool, and the most important political issue raised in the Naqour newspaper is the criticism of the Isfahan Governors’ Association. In this newspaper, occasionally dealing with religious issues is only for the sake of the judiciary and the unjust behavior of that power. Otherwise, the humor and joke of the newspaper do not include this field, because the writers use religion as a lever of pressure or threat when they want to clarify something that is religiously understandable to the people or to respect the rights of the people by the authorities with a humorous and of course softened look.
