ملاك‌هاي انتخاب زوج براي روابط كوتاه‌مدت و بلندمدت: نقش جنسيت و رابطه‌هاي قبلي با جنس مخالف

Mate Selection Criteria for Short-term and Long-term Relationships: The Role of Gender and Previous Relationships with the Opposite Sex

يكي از مهم‌ترين تصميم‌هاي افراد در طول زندگي، تصميم‌گيري دربارۀ انتخاب همسر است؛ بنابراين براي پيشگيري از فرسودگي زناشويي، توجه جدي به ملاك‌هاي انتخاب همسر قبل از ازدواج، ضروري به نظر مي‌رسد. هدف اين پژوهش، بررسي ملاك‌هاي انتخاب همسر و ملاك‌هاي انتخاب دوست جنس مخالف و مقايسۀ ملاك‌هاي انتخاب شريك در افراد داراي تجربۀ دوستي و بدون تجربۀ دوستي با جنس مخالف بود. نمونۀ پژوهش شامل 486 نفر بود كه به شيوۀ نمونه‌گيري خوشه‌اي از ميان دانشجويان انتخاب شدند و پرسش‌نامۀ اولويت‌بخشي ملاك‌هاي همسرگزيني را تكميل كردند. يافته‌ها نشان داد در هر دو جنس، 5 ملاك عشق و علاقه، عفت و پاكدامني، مسئوليت‌پذيري، سلامت رواني و توانايي تصميم‌گيري، بيشترين اهميت و 5 ملاك درآمد، سن، تناسب موقعيت اجتماعي، تحصيلات و قوميت يكسان، كمترين اهميت را داشتند. همچنين ميانگين ملاك‌ها براي انتخاب شريك از منظر افراد داراي تجربۀ دوستي با جنس مخالف در هر دو جنس، بيشتر از افراد بدون تجربۀ دوستي است كه نشان مي‌دهد افراد داراي تجربۀ دوستي، دقيق‌تر و سخت‌گيرانه‌تر از افراد بدون تجربۀ دوستي در انتخاب شريك عمل مي‌كنند.

One of the most important decisions of people in their life span is about spouse selection. Therefore, it seems essential to devote serious attention to premarital criteria for choosing a spouse to prevent marriage burnout. Adopting inappropriate criteria for spouse selection can be a cause of marriage burnout and a gradual decline in marital life. Thus, to prevent marriage burnout, premarital criteria for choosing a spouse should be necessarily observed (Li & Kenrick, 2006, 469(. Research findings on spouse selection are principally interpreted from an evolutionary perspective. In the late 80s and 90s, evolutionary psychologists )Buss & Barnes, 1986:566; Buss, 1985:50; Buss, 1989:10) extensively studied sexual differences in terms of spouse selection. Such efforts built a wide research foundation that is focused on criteria for choosing spouse and attraction and is regarded as a crucial part of evolutionary psychology (Webster, Jonason & Schember, 2009:360; Webster, 2007:89). According to the evolutionary model of sexual strategies theory, differences peculiar to each sex in light of time and energy that parents dedicate for their children (Trivers, 1972:140) lead to such distinctions in spouse selection. Concerning assortative mating, David Buss (1998:406) argues that we never choose our mate randomly. Our mating is strategy-based and these strategies are designed in a special way that these strategies help us solve fundamental problems to have a successful spouse selection. The people who were not able to mate successfully in the evolutionary past are not our ancestors. All of us are the result of a continuous ancestral line in which our forefathers competed successfully for their preferred mate, attracted mates who were valuable in terms of reproduction, and kept them insofar as it led to reproduction. Our ancestors beat their interested competitors and solved the problems which impeded their successful reproduction.