كارايي قارچ كش فاموكسادون + سيموكسانيل اكولايزر® WG %52.5 عليه Peronospora destructor، عامل بيماري سفيدك دروغي پياز

Efficacy of Equlizer Fungicide in controlling Onion Downy Mildew Disease

ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﺳﻔﻴﺪك دروﻏﻲ ﭘﻴﺎز ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺧﺴﺎرت اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﭘﻴﺎز وارد ﻣﻲﺳﺎزد. ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ ﻗﺎرچﻛﺶ فاموكسادون + سيموكسانيل اﻛﻮﻻﻳﺰر ®WG %52.5 در ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﺳﻔﻴﺪك دروﻏﻲ ﭘﻴﺎز، آزﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻳﻲ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺶ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر و ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار در ﺳﺎل 1396 در اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن و ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻛﻮﻻﻳﺰر ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي 0/2، 0/3 و 0/4 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر، ﻓﻠﻮﭘﻴﻜﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻳﻨﻔﻴﻨﻴﺘﻮ® SC 687.5( دو ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻗﺎرچﻛﺶ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ، ﺷﺎﻫﺪ آﺑﭙﺎﺷﻲ و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺪون ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﭙﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﺮتﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﺷﺮوع و ﻫﺮ 10 روز ﻳﻚﺑﺎر ﺗﺎ رﺳﻴﺪن ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺪون ﻗﺎرچﻛﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ در ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻛﻮﻓﺮ و ﻓﻴﺸﺮ اداﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ. ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺮتﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب 10 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ از دو ردﻳﻒ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺮت و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺷﺪت ﺑﻴﻤﺎري )DSI( ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﻧﻤﺮه 1-9 در ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻛﻮﻓﻮﻳﺖ و ﻓﻴﺸﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم و ﺷﺪت ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻛﺮت ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲﻫﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ زﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري )AUDPC( ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻛﻪ در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲﻫﺎ و ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ زﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎ و اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر × ﻣﻜﺎن اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري در ﺳﻄﺢ 1 وﺟﻮد دارد. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ دادهﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن اﺟﺮا ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺟﺪا ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ زﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎرچﻛﺶ اﻛﻮﻻﻳﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺼﺮف 0/4 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر در اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن و ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ 88/87 و 91/85 درﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺪت ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺪون ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ را دارد. اﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻗﺎرچﻛﺶ اﻛﻮﻻﻳﺰر ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺼﺮف 0/2 و 0/3 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر و ﻗﺎرچﻛﺶ اﻳﻨﻔﻴﻨﻴﺘﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺼﺮف دو ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ 55/63 ، 62/40 و 60/15 درﺻﺪ و در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ 14/81، 76/29 و 67/40 درﺻﺪ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ در ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺑﻌﺪي ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻗﺎرچﻛﺶ اﻛﻮﻻﻳﺰر ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﺳﻔﻴﺪك دروﻏﻲ ﭘﻴﺎز 0/4 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﻫﺴﺖ

The Downy mildew of onion, caused by Peronospora destructor Berk, generates a lot of economic damage to onions annually. Fungicides are the main components of plant diseases management. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of equalizer to control of onion downy mildew. Experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with six treatments and three replications in 2017 in Khuzestan and Hormozgan provinces. treatments consisted of equalizer (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 kg /h, Infinito 2L /h, water spray and control without spraying). After observing the first signs of the disease, the treatments were conducted and continued every 10 days until the control treatment contamination reached as high as possible. Evaluation of experimental plots was conducted before each spray by selecting 10 plants from two middle rows and disease severity index (DSI) for each treatment was determined using scoring system of 1-9 and Kofoet A and Fischer formula. Analyses of variance revealed that there was significant diference among treatments at 1% level. But between treatments and location there was not significant difference. Also the result showed significant difference between location and treatment × location. The means comparison showed that 0.4kg/h Equalizer treatment creates statistically higest efficiency in Khuzestan and Hormozgan provinces(88/87 and 91/85%) respectivley. The other treatments including 0/2kg/h, 0/3kg /h of Equalizer and Infinito(2L/h) with 55/63,62.40 and 60.15 efficiency in Khuzestan and also 14/81, 76.29 and 67/40% efficiency in Hormozgan province were located in next statistcally groups. So the results of this study suggested 0.4kg/h Equalizer as appropriate rate in comparison to Infinito to control of Downy mildew of onion.