پديد آورندگان :
قياسوند، حجت دانشگاه آزاد قزوين - دانشكده هنر و معماري - گروه معماري , ثقفي, محمدجواد دانشگاه آزاد تهران جنوب - دانشكده هنر و شهرسازي - گروه معماري , مدي, حسين دانشگاه بين المللي امام خميني قزوين - دانشكده هنر و معماري - گروه معماري
كليدواژه :
مجتمع هاي مسكوني , مولفه هاي استقرار , همدان , انرژي , عملكرد حرارتي
چكيده فارسي :
ارتقاي عملكرد حرارتي مجتمع هاي مسكوني در آينده نزديك، تبديل به اصل مهمي در توسعه پايدار اقليمي شهرها مي شود؛ لذا اين مطالعه باهدف بررسي مولفه ها و شاخص هاي هندسي استقرار كالبدي موثر بر عملكرد حرارتي، براي مرحله طراحي انجام پذيرفت. روش تحقيق، تركيبي از روش هاي كيفي (توصيفي، تحليلي و مشاهده ي ميداني) و كمي (داده هاي شبيه سازي انرژي) است. در تحليل داده ها، از روش آماري؛ آزمون همبستگي، تحليل واريانس، آزمون تفاوت ميانگين و مقايسه با مدل مرجع بهره گرفته شده است. متغير مستقل؛ مولفه هاي استقرار كالبدي (جهت قرارگيري، هم نشيني توده-فضا و ارتفاع) و متغير وابسته (ميزان مصرف انرژي سالانه) است. با شناسايي 4 گونه اصلي و زيرگونه هاي آن ها، درنهايت 15 گونه ي مجتمع هاي مسكوني در شهر همدان شبيه سازي انرژي انجام پذيرفت. يافته ها نشان مي دهد كه مولفه هاي استقرار كالبدي بر ميزان مصرف انرژي به شدت تاثيرگذار است؛ به طوري كه انتخاب جهت مناسب (شرقي - غربي) صرفه جويي موثري در اكثر الگوها بخصوص الگوي خطي دارد. تحليل همبستگي بين شاخص هاي هندسي متاثر از شكل قرارگيري فرم توده -فضا و ميزان مصرف انرژي، رابطه مستقيم و با شدت بسيار زيادي را نشان مي دهد؛ بر اين اساس، با مقايسه الگوها با مدل مرجع، الگوهاي خطي با ميانگين صرفه جويي انرژي 13/05% بهينه ترين و مجموعه الگوهاي پراكنده با ميانگين افزايش انرژي 5/86 % ناكارآمدترين و الگوهاي متمركز و تركيبي در ميانه قرار دارد. تحليل همبستگي بين متغير ارتفاع (افزايش سطح هواي آزاد و H/W) و ميزان مصرف انرژي نشان مي دهد كه؛ در 2 الگو از 6 الگوي موردمطالعه، افزايش مصرف و در 4 الگوي ديگر كاهش مصرف انرژي وجود دارد.
چكيده لاتين :
Increase in urban population and development of cities has led urban planning and designing into a new stage of sustainable development so that the importance of effective energy design to develop cities sustainably, especially in urban housing, seems vital. One of the main principles of sustainable climate development is to examine how residential buildings are suited to enhance their thermal performance in cities. Therefore, this study aims to examine the components and geometrical indices of physical location influencing thermal performance in the design stage in the Cold semi-arid climate of Hamedan. The factors influencing the thermal performance of physical location regarding theoretical foundations and the literature were investigated. The physical location of residential complexes has different influencing factors for saving energy, such as the direction of the buildings, the form of mass-space at the site, and the height (density) with various geometrical characteristics.
Methodology
The research method combines qualitative (descriptive, analytical, and field observation) and quantitative (energy simulation data) methods. Data analysis was conducted using statistical methods, correlation test, ANOVA, T-test, and comparison with the reference model. The independent variable is physical location components (direction, mass-space, and height), and the dependent variable is annual energy consumption.
Results
15 residential buildings were coded and simulated by identifying four main groups and their subgroups in Hamedan. The findings revealed that physical location components influence energy consumption intensely. Choosing the proper direction can save a significant amount of energy in most patterns, mostly linear patterns. Correlation analysis among geometrical indices influenced by mass-space and energy consumption indicates a direct and intense relationship. The fewer amounts of indices, including the window–to–gross area, the ratio of area-to-mass, the, and occupation level line are, the more energy is saved. Then they are regarded as the main priority of designing. Increase in height and its influencing geometrical indices leads to a decrease in cooling energy consumption and has different results in the consumption of heating energy and the total energy.
Conclusion
The most optimal physical location is west-east oritation, and the least suitable one is north-south to 120 degrees. Dense patterns with fewer occupation level lines are the most suitable mass-space pattern in residential complexes. By comparing the patterns with the reference model, linear patterns with an average of 13.05% energy saving are optimal. Sparse patterns are the most inefficient, with an average of 5.86% saving, and dense and combined patterns have moderate energy saving. Patterns with the most area to the volume of blocks are not considered suitable in a cold climate for residential complexes. Correlation analysis between height (increase in surface-area-to-volume ratio and H/W) and energy consumption shows that among the six patterns being investigated, there is an increase in consumption in 2 patterns, and in the other six patterns, there is a noticeable decrease in energy consumption.
