كليدواژه :
شيخ جعفر كاشف الغطا , انديشه سياسي , فتحعلي شاه قاجار , علماي عصر قاجار , حكومت و ولايت فقيه
چكيده فارسي :
تفكر سياسي همواره در حوزة فقه حكومتي اسلام مطرح بوده و فقهاي اسلام از جمله كاشف الغطا در بخش‌هاي مختلف فقه، به آن پرداخته‌اند. افزون بر جايگاه علمي و موقعيت اجتماعي، عصر كاشف الغطا در شكل‌گيري و نفوذ انديشة سياسي وي مؤثر بوده است. ازجمله اختيارات و شؤون فقيه در عصر غيبت از نگاه كاشف الغطا، تصدي امر جهاد، اقامه و اجراي حدود، مقام افتا، نصب قاضي و شيخ الإسلام و توليت خمس و زكات مي‌باشد. ايشان بر اساس همين شؤون، در عرصة سياست داخلي به دفع خطر اخباريان، و در عرصة سياست خارجي حكم جهاد و اذن تشكيل سپاه به فتحعلي شاه قاجار داد و او را نائب خود ساخت. وي بنابر اصل عدم ولايت معتقد است مخلوقات در عبوديت با هم برابرند و كسي جز خداوند داراي سلطة حقيقي نيست؛ پس اوامر و نواهي نيز تنها از جانب خداوند يا كسي كه منصوب از ناحية او است، بايد صادر شود. مباني نظري او در كتاب كشف الغطا و سيرة عملى ايشان در اجراى قوانين اجتماعى اسلام، حكايت از پذيرش ولايت عامه فقيه براي نائب عام امام يعني مجتهد جامع الشرايط دارد. اين اثر، علاوه بر بررسي برخي جريان‌هاي تاريخي و سيرة عملي كاشف الغطا، مبتني بر توصيف و تحليل آراي سياسي ايشان، با استفاده از آثار مكتوب وي است.
چكيده لاتين :
Political thought has always been in the field of Islamic government jurisprudence and Islamic jurists, including Kashif al-Ghatta, have dealt with it in various sections of jurisprudence. In addition to his scientific status and social status, the era of Kashif al-Ghatta has been influential in the formation and influence of his political thought. Among the powers and duties of the jurist in the age of absence from the point of view of Kashif al-Ghatta, is to take charge of jihad, establish and implement limits, the position of fall, the appointment of a judge and Shaykh al-Islam, and the guardianship of khums and zakat. On the basis of these matters, in the field of domestic policy to ward off the danger of the Akhbaris, and in the field of foreign policy, he ordered jihad and the permission to form the IRGC to Fath Ali Shah Qajar and made him his deputy. According to the principle of non-guardianship, he believes that creatures are equal in worship and no one has true dominion except God; Therefore, commands and prohibitions should be issued only by God or someone appointed by Him. His theoretical foundations in the book Kashf al-Ghatta 'and his practical life in the implementation of the social laws of Islam, indicate the acceptance of the general guardianship of the jurisprudent for the general deputy of the Imam, ie the comprehensive Mujtahid. This work, in addition to examining some historical currents and the practical life of Kashif al-Ghatta, is based on the description and analysis of his political views, using his written works.
