بررسي ارتباط بين الگو هاي غذايي مادر در طول بارداري و پيامدهاي آن در نوزادان

Assessment of The Relationship Between Maternal Dietary Patterns During Pregnancy and its Outcomes in Infants

ﺑﺎرداري ﯾﮏ دوره ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ ﺑﺮاي رﺷﺪ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﮏ ﻓﺮزﻧﺪان ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ در دوران ﺑﺎر داري ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻧﻘﺸﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ و ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪي ﻫﺎي ذﻫﻨﯽ و ﺟﺴﻤﯽ ﻧﻮزاد دارد از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ وﯾﮋه اي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﺎدر درﻃﻮل ﺑﺎرداري و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي آن در ﻧﻮزادان در ﺷﻬﺮ اروﻣﯿﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮاد وروش ﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ، 410 زن ﺑﺎردار ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﺎدران ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ ﺧﻮراك 147آﯾﺘﻤﯽ و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت دﻣﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎدران ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ از آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮوه اﻟﮕﻮي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ، اﻟﮕﻮي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﮔﺮوه اول ، ﮔﺮوه دوم و ﮔﺮوه ﺳﻮم . آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﻧﻮزاد ﮐﻢ وزن)Low Birth Weigh( و ﻧﻮزاد ﻧﺎرس) Preterm Birth( ﺑﺎاﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭘﯿﺮوي ازاﻟﮕﻮي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﮔﺮوه اول )1/15= PTB:OR =1/05 , LBW:OR( اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ و ﺷﺎﻧﺲ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻦ ﺑﺎرداري) Small for Gestational Age(و ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻦ ﺑﺎرداري) LGA:OR= 0/89) (Larg for Gestational Age , 0/8 =SGA:OR(ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭘﯿﺮوي از اﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوه، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﭘﯿﺮوي از اﻟﮕﻮي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﮔﺮوه دوم ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻧﺲ0/73=OR :LBWو 0/83 LGA:OR= ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﮑﻮس و ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻧﺲ 1/26 =PTB:OR و 1/04= SGA: o‎r ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ داﺷﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺒﻌﯿﺖ از اﻟﮕﻮي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﮔﺮوه ﺳﻮم در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﮑﻮس ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮق ﺑﻮده و اﻟﮕﻮي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﮔﺮوه ﺳﻮم ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ LGA را داﺷﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ وﺟﻮد ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي LBW ,SGA ,PTB ,LGA و اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﺎدر در ﻃﻮل ﺑﺎرداري را ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت آﯾﻨﺪه ﻧﮕﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ اﯾﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد.

Pregnancy is a critical period for the offspring’s metabolic development. Nutrition during pregnancy due to its role in the development of mental and physical abilities in infants is important .The current study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and its outcomes in infants in Urmia city. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 410 pregnant women referred to health centers in Uremia were selected by cluster random sampling. Food information was collected using the validated 147-items Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The demographic information of mothers was collected by interview. Factor analysis was used to identify the major dietary patterns. Results: In this study, three main dietary patterns were identified and named the first, second, and third groups. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the Low Birth Weight (LBW) and Preterm Birth (PTB) increased with adherence to the first dietary pattern (LBW: o‎r = 1.15, PTB: OR=1.05), while the risk of Small for Gestational Age (SGA), (OR=0.89), and Large for Gestational Age (LGA), (OR = 0.8) decreased in this pattern. The second dietary pattern was inversely associated with LBW (OR = 0.73) and LGA (OR = 0.83), While it was positively associated with PTB (OR = 1.26) and SGA (OR = 1.04). The third dietary pattern was inversely associated with all the above outcomes and this difference was significant for LGA (OR=0.68). Conclusion: The present study showed a relationship between LBW, SGA, PTB, LGA indices, and maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy. Prospective studies have been suggested to confirm these findings.