اثربخشي بازي هاي حسي و حركتي خانواده محور در كاهش نشانه هاي باليني كودكان با اختلال نقص توجه/ بيش فعالي

Effectiveness of family-based sensory-motor games in decrease of clinical symptoms in ADHD children

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺑﺎزي ﻫﺎي ﺣﺴﯽ و ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺤﻮر در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺧﺘﻼل ﻧﻘﺺ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ/ﺑﯿﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯽ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﻧﯿﻤﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﭘﯿﺶ آزﻣﻮن، ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن و ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﺳﺖ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺷﻬﺮ زﻧﺠﺎن در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 97-96 )رده ﺳﻨﯽ 8 ﺗﺎ 11 ﺳﺎل(اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ،4 ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ از ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ 1 و 2 ﺷﻬﺮ زﻧﺠﺎن اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و20 داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزي ﮐﻪ دﭼﺎر اﺧﺘﻼل ﻧﻘﺺ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ/ﺑﯿﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﯾﮑﺴﺎن ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻦ، ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺖ و ﻣﯿﺰان اﺧﺘﻼل ﻧﻘﺺ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ/ ﺑﯿﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯽ در دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ)10ﻧﻔﺮ( و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل)10 ﻧﻔﺮ( ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ/ ﺑﯿﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯽ از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم اﺳﻨﭗ و ﮐﺎﻧﺮز واﻟﺪﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن در ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 8 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ )16 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ 90 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ اي( ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻣﺎدران در ﺑﺎزي ﻫﺎي ﺣﺴﯽ و ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺤﻮر ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ . ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﻣﻨﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺧﺘﻼل ﻧﻘﺺ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ/ ﺑﯿﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯽ )ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪت اﺛﺮ 0/88( در ﮔﺮوه ازﻣﺎﯾﺶ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ روش ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻤﮏ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي نقص ﺗﻮﺟﻪ/ ﺑﯿﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ

The present research is aimed at determining the effectiveness of family sensory-motor games in decrease of clinical symptoms in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This research is a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group. The research population includes all the children (of 8-11 years old) in Zanjan during the academic year 2017-2018. 4 schools were selected from districts 1 and 2, Zanjan by cluster (random) sampling. 20 students were selected out of those who were affected by attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. After homogenizing the samples in terms of age, gender, and ADHD severity, they were assigned to experiment (10 people) and control (10 people) groups. ADHD diagnosis was done based on Snap and Conners’ IV parent scale. The subjects of the experimental group participated in family sensory-motor games for 8 weeks (sixteen 90-min sessions). Collected data were analyzed through covariance analysis . The results suggested that the performed interventions have significantly decreased the clinical symptoms of ADHD children (with the affect intensity of 0.88) in Experimental group. It can be concluded that this intervention can effectively decrease the symptoms of children with ADHD.