گونه سنجي رابطه باورهاي ديني و باورهاي اخلاقي

Measurement of the relationship between religious and moral beliefs

به اعتقاد بسياري از فيلسوفان سابقه بحث از رابطه دين واخلاق به قدمت خود فلسفه است.امّا افلاطون با طرح گفتگوي سقراط با اوثيفرون شكل جدّي تري به آن داد. بحث از رابطه دين واخلاق درميان مسلمانان به عنوان يكي از مسائل مهم كلامي مورد مداقّه بوده و به پيامدهاي اخلاقي آن كم تر پرداخته¬اند. امّا رابطه دين واخلاق در اشكال مختلفي متصوّر است كه در اين نوشتار به حصر عقلي سه گونه«تباين دين از اخلاق» ،«تقابل دين با اخلاق»و«تعامل دين و اخلاق» سنجيده و در اين ميان ضمن تأييد تعامل دين واخلاق ،چگونگي و جهت اين رابطه ارزيابي مي‌گردد. درامتداد اين بحث براي تبيين وابستگي اخلاق به دين،از ميان گونه هاي مختلف وابستگي اخلاق به دين،وابستگي«معنا شناختي»،«وجودشناختي»،«معرفت شناختي»و«روان شناختي» اخلاق به دين را مي¬سنجيم. درحقيقت گونه سنجي رابطه دين واخلاق با رويكرد علمي-پژوهشي،ما را به اين نتيجه مي‌رساند كه اخلاق زاييده حقيقي ترين منبعي است كه همه خيرات،مصالح و سعادات از آن ناشي مي شوند و آن«دين»است.

Many philosophers believe that the history of the relationship between religion and morality is as old as philosophy itself. But since the time of Plato, Socrates' conversation with Othifron has taken on a more serious form. The discussion of the relationship between religion and morality among Muslims has been considered as one of the important theological issues and less attention has been paid to its moral consequences. However, the relationship between religion and morality is imagined in different forms. In this article, three types of "religion contrast with morality", " religion opposition with moral " and "interaction of religion and morality" have been rationally evaluated. In order to explain the dependence of morality on religion, we examine the "semantic", "ontological", "epistemological" and "psychological" dependence of morality on religion among the different types of moral dependence on religion. In fact, the typology of the relationship between religion and ethics and the scientific-research approach leads us to the conclusion that morality is the most real source from which all goodness, interests and happiness come, and that is "religion".