وضعيت مؤلفۀ «الرشد في خلافهم» در اخبار علاجيّه و اعتبارسنجي آن در شهادت و قضاوت غيرشيعيان

The Status of the “What is contrary to them involves rectitude” Element in Traditions Concerning Treatment of Contradictory Proofs and its Evaluation in Respect of Testimony and Judgment by non-Shiites

در علاج تعارض روايات، خبر مخالف با عامه بر روايات موافق مقدم است؛ چرا كه گفته شده رشد، در مخالفت با آن‌‌هاست. اين ضابطه نسبت به همه اهل‌سنت در موضوع تعارض روايات، مسلّم تلقي شده است و از سويي اختصاص به شيعه هم ندارد؛ زيرا عامه نيز متقابلاً روايت مخالف شيعه را مقد‌م مي‌دارند. اما در خصوص عموميت ضابطه و نيز شمول آن بر حوزه‌هاي ديگر، ازجمله شهادت و قضاوت، اختلاف‌نظر وجود دارد و نوشتار حاضر به‌منظور بررسي اين مسئله، به روش توصيفي‌تحليلي اين بحث را به ميان كشيده و به اين باور رسيده كه دليل مزبور مخصوص رفع تعارض بوده و بيش از اين صلاحيت ندارد؛ براين‌اساس استناد به آن براي اثبات اشتراط ايمان (تشيع) در قاضي و شاهد قابل دفاع نيست.

In treating the contradiction of narrations, narration opposing Sunnis takes precedence over narrations consistent with them; since it has been said that what is contrary to them involves rectitude. As far as the contradiction of narrations is concerned, this criterion has been taken for granted with respect to all Sunnis and in addition it is not specific to Shiites, for Sunnis reciprocally prefer the narration inconsistent with Shiite. However, there is disagreement about the generality of the criterion as well as its applicability to other areas including testimony and judgment and the present paper, in order to study this issue, has discussed it through a descriptive-analytical method and achieved the conclusion that the above mentioned argument is limited to resolving the contradiction of proofs and has no more more capability; consequently, relying on it to prove the condition of belief (being Shiite) for judge and witness is not defendable.