نحوه و غايت عروج نفس در فلسفۀ فلوطين

The manner and end of the ascension of the soul in the philosophy of Plotinus

در نظام فلسفي فلوطين، تنها سعادت ممكن براي انسان، يگانگي با احد با آگاهي و اشراقي معرفت‌شناختي است. اين پژوهش به­ روش توصيفي - تحليلي، روش، اقتضائات و غايت عروج نفس و نحوۀ تحقق آن را تبيين مي‌كند. از جمله يافته­ هاي پژوهش اين است كه يگانه مسير عروج نفس در نظر فلوطين، ديالكتيك عقلاني فرارونده از انديشه‌هاي جزئي به ايده‌هاي ناب است و مؤلفه­ هايي چون هدايت، كسب فضايل اخلاقي و ادراك زيبايي به­ اين فرآيند ياري مي­رسانند. در فرآيند عروج نفساني، تحقق هر مرتبه از معرفت براي نفس، مساوق با بركشيده‌شدن نفس به مرتبۀ وجودي هم‌سطح آن مرتبۀ معرفتي است. نهايت معرفت ممكن در پايان سير عقلاني نفس، يگانگي ضروري با عقل كل است كه به‌مثابۀ از قوه به ­فعل­ آمدن بنيان ذاتي انسان تلقي مي‌شود. يگانگي با احد، تبيين ­ناپذير، پيش ­بيني­ ناپذير و مشمول ارادۀ نامعطوف به غايت احد است.

In Plotinus' philosophical system, the only possible happiness for man is oneness with One with consciousness and epistemological enlightenment. This paper, using a descriptive-analytical method, studies the way, requirements, realization and the limit of Ascension of the Soul. One of the findings of the study is that the only path to the ascension of the soul in Plotinus' view is a rational dialectic that transcends from partial thoughts to pure ideas; an‎d components such as guidance, the acquisition of moral virtues, and the perception of beauty contribute to this process. In the process of carnal ascension, the realization of each level of knowledge for the soul is equivalent to the lifting of the soul to the level of existence of that level of epistemology. The ultimate possible knowledge at the end of the rational course of the soul is the necessary unity with the whole intellect, which is considered as the power to realize the inherent foundation of man. Oneness with one is inexplicable, unpredictable, and subject to an infinite will. In Plotinus' philosophical system, the only possible happiness for man is oneness with One with consciousness and epistemological enlightenment. This paper, using a descriptive-analytical method, studies the way, requirements, realization and the limit of Ascension of the Soul. One of the findings of the study is that the only path to the ascension of the soul in Plotinus' view is a rational dialectic that transcends from partial thoughts to pure ideas; an‎d components such as guidance, the acquisition of moral virtues, and the perception of beauty contribute to this process. In the process of carnal ascension, the realization of each level of knowledge for the soul is equivalent to the lifting of the soul to the level of existence of that level of epistemology. The ultimate possible knowledge at the end of the rational course of the soul is the necessary unity with the whole intellect, which is considered as the power to realize the inherent foundation of man. Oneness with one is inexplicable, unpredictable, and subject to an infinite will.