عناصر نقاشي در ديوان مايفوق الوصف سوزان عليوان

Elements of painting in the divan of "Mayfooq Al- Wasif" by Suzan Alivan

بررسي عناصر نقاشي در شعر، از موضوعات بينارشته اي ادبيات تطبيقي است كه با رونق مكتب آمريكايي در پژوهش ادبي معاصر به كار گرفته شد؛ اما اين محور، علي رغم زمينه هاي پژوهشي متعدد، مورد استقبال كمتري قرار گرفته است. بايد توجه نمود كه شاعران بسياري، رويكرد و صبغه نقاشيگري دارند و در حقيقت با كلمات به جاي شعر سرودن، رسم و نقاشي مي كنند. اين فرايند در اشعار شاعراني كه علاوه بر حرفه شعرسرايي، نقاش هم هستند، بسيار موضوعيت پيدا كرده است. در ادبيات معاصر عربي شاعراني كه از اين دو حرفه دركنارهم برخوردار هستند؛ اندك نيستند كه مطرح ترين چهره در شعر عربي دوره اخير، سوزان عليوان، شاعر و نقاش معاصر است كه جزو شاعران جيل التسعينات (دهه نود قرن بيستم) است. وي بسياري از سازوكارهاي نقاشي را به كار برده است و ميان نقاشي وشعر او همبستگي زيادي وجود دارد. گويي او در دفترهاي شعري اش، با موم و رنگ نقاشي مي كند. از اين رو شعر او، زمينه اي براي بروز عناصر متعدد نقاشي است. اين پژوهش با روش توصيفي تحليلي، به بررسي عناصر نقاشي در شعر سوزان عليوان مي پردازد. نتيجه پژوهش نشان مي دهد؛ سوزان عليوان در شعر خود از عناصر نقاشي مختلفي نظير رنگ، قاب بندي، تقارن و قرينه سازي، عينيت و ايستايي بهره گرفته است كه اين موضوع در عناوين، مقاطع و بندهاي شعري ديوان ما يفوق الوصف او تجلي پيدا كرده است.

The study of the elements of painting in poetry is an interdisciplinary subject in comparative literature. It has been used in different research areas of contemporary literature since the advent of the American School; however, it is not popular in Iran’s academic circles although it can offer a large number of studies in different areas. It should be noted that majority of poets have an artistic approach that can be identified in their poems. In fact, there are several poets who use words and expressions to create images and make tangible portrayal of their characters and subjects. This process has become very important in the poems of those who are not only poets but also artists. One of the most prominent figures who worked both as an artist and as a poet in the contemporary Arabic literature is Suzanne Alivan. She is one of the poets who has followed Jil al-Tasinat Movement (nineties of the twentieth century). She has used many painting mechanisms and there is a strong correlation between her paintings and poems. It is as if she is painting with wax and paint in his poetry books. Therefore, her poetry functions as a canvas that portrays various elements of painting. This descriptive-analytical study examines the elements of painting in Alivan's poetry. The result of the research showed that, in her poetry, Alivan has used various painting elements such as color, framing, symmetry, tangibility and stability which are reflected in the titles, passages and verses of her book.