تعيين ارزش غذايي و قابليت هضم برون تني علوفه نخود

Determination of Nutritive Value and in vitro digestibility of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) forage

اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ، ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ وﮔﻮارشﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﺮون ﺗﻨﯽ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ ﻧﺨﻮد در ﻃﯽ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎل ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯽ و درﺳﻪ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﯿﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺮد و ﺧﺸﮏ )ﺷﻬﺮﮐﺮد(، ﺳﺮد و ﻣﺮﻃﻮب )ﮐﻮﻫﺮﻧﮓ( و ﮔﺮم و ﻣﺮﻃﻮب )ﻟﺮدﮔﺎن( اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ، ﭘﺮوﺗﯿﯿﻦ ﺧﺎم، ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﺧﺎم، ﻓﯿﺒﺮ ﺧﺎم، ﺧﺎﮐﺴﺘﺮ، اﻧﺮژي ﺧﺎم و ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﭘﺮﻧﯿﺎز و ﮐﻢ ﻧﯿﺎز، ﻓﯿﺒﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﻠﻮل در ﺷﻮﯾﻨﺪه ﺧﻨﺜﯽ، ﻓﯿﺒﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﻠﻮل در ﺷﻮﯾﻨﺪه اﺳﯿﺪي، ﻟﯿﮕﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﻠﻮل در ﺷﻮﯾﻨﺪه اﺳﯿﺪي، ﮔﻮارشﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﺎدهﺧﺸﮏ، ﮔﻮارشﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﺎدهآﻟﯽ و ﮔﻮارشﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﺎدهآﻟﯽ در ﻣﺎدهﺧﺸﮏ، ﺗﻌﺪاد 63 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ ﻧﺨﻮد در ﺳﻪ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ اﺳﺘﺎن ودر ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎل ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯽ اﺧﺬ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﭘﺲ از آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ روشﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ و ﮔﻮارشﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﺮونﺗﻨﯽ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. از ﻃﺮح آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ" ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ 3*3 )اﻗﻠﯿﻢ و ﺳﺎل ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري( و 7 ﺗﮑﺮار اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار آﻣﺎري SAS و ﺑﻪ روش GLM ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦﻫﺎ از آزﻣﻮن ﭼﻨﺪ داﻣﻨﻪاي داﻧﮑﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ در ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﻧﺨﻮد ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﮐﻞ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﺧﺎم، اﻟﯿﺎف ﺧﺎم، ﺧﺎﮐﺴﺘﺮ، ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﺧﺎم واﻧﺮژي ﺧﺎم در ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﻧﺨﻮد ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 5/93 درﺻﺪ، 31/9 درﺻﺪ، 9/99 درﺻﺪ، 0/72 درﺻﺪ و 3922/7 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮐﺎﻟﺮي درﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ اﻗﻠﯿﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﻧﺒﻮد، اﻣﺎ اﻟﯿﺎف ﺧﺎم ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﻧﺨﻮد در اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺳﺮد و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﮔﺮم و ﻣﺮﻃﻮب )0/05≥ p( و اﻧﺮژي ﺧﺎم ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﻧﺨﻮد در اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺳﺮد و ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺳﺮد و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﻮد )0/05≥ p(. اﺛﺮ ﺳﺎل ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻐﺬي ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﻧﺨﻮد اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار داﺷﺖ )0/05≥ p(. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﭘﺮ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ، ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻮم، ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ و ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮاﻗﻠﯿﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻮد )0/05≥ p(، اﻣﺎ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ و ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﮐﻢ ﻧﯿﺎز ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ، آﻫﻦ، ﻣﺲ و روي ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻧﺒﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺳﺎل ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﻧﺨﻮد اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار داﺷﺖ )0/05≥ p(. دﯾﻮاره ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ و اﺟﺰاي آن ﺑﺠﺰ ﻟﯿﮕﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ اﻗﻠﯿﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻮد )0/05≥ p(. ﮔﻮارشﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ، ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ و ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ در ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﻧﺨﻮد در اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﮔﺮم و ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺳﺮد و ﻣﺮﻃﻮب و ﺳﺮد و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﻮد )0/05≥ p(. در ﮐﻞ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻬﻢ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﻀﻢ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﻧﺨﻮد ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﻮد. اﻧﺮژي ﺧﺎم ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﻧﺨﻮد ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮد و ﻋﻠﯽ رﻏﻢ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﯿﺎف ﺧﺎم آن، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد در ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ دامﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪ، ﺑﺰ، دامﻫﺎي داﺷﺘﯽ وﮔﺎوﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﯽﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﺟﯿﺮه ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري در ﻓﺼﻞ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﭘﺮﻧﯿﺎز و ﮐﻢ ﻧﯿﺎز داراي ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

This research was carried out to determine the chemical compositions, minerals and in vitro digestibility of chickpea forage in Shahrekord (cool and dry), Kohrang (cool and wet) and Lordegan (warm and wet) climates in Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari province. The chickpea samples were chemically analyzed for DM, CP, EE, CF, Ash, NDF, ADF, ADL, Ca, P, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and in-vitro digestibility include DMD, OMD and DOMD were determined an in-vitro method and gross energy was determined using of calorie meter bomb in three different climates for three years. The obtained data was analyzed using SAS software and by GLM method and for comparison between the means Duncan’s multiple range tests was used. The results showed that total mean of DM, CP, Ash and EE for the chickpea forage straw were not under the effect of climates, but CF in cool and dry climate was significant lower than warm and wet climate(P≤0.05). The years of sampling were significant on nutritive value of chickpea (P≤0.05). The mean of minerals includes Ca, Mg, K and Mn were significant under effect of climates (P≤0.05), but P, Fe, Cu and Zn were not significant under effect of climates. Total mean of NDF and ADF except of ADL were under effect of climates (P≤0.05), but DMD, OMD and DOMD in warm and wet climate was significant lower than cool and dry and cool and wet climates (P≤0.05). In addition to effect of climates were significant on some of chemical nutrient, minerals and digestibility of chickpea forage and replacing of chickpea forage with some part of forage diet recommended.