روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯽ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﺷﮑﻮﻓﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻀﺮ ﺟﻠﺒﮑﯽ(HABS)

General approaches to control harmfule algae bloom(HABS)

ﺷﮑﻮﻓﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻠﺒﮑﯽ ﻣﻀﺮ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه اي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه دﯾﻨﻮﻓﻼژﻻﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت زﯾﺎدي را ﺑﺮاي اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي آﺑﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﺑﺎوﺟﻮد ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﻮدن اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﺮس ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎن ﺳﺎز و ورود ﭘﺴﺎب ﻫﺎ و ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي آﺑﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري و ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه در ده ﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺮگ وﻣﯿﺮ آﺑﺰﯾﺎن و ﺧﺴﺎرات ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وارده ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ آﺑﯽ و ﺻﻨﻌﺖ آﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﯿﻦ در ﭘﯽ راﻫﮑﺎري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺳﻪ روش ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺧﺎك رس و آﻟﺘﺮاﺳﻮﻧﯿﮏ Ultrasonic، روش ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭼﺮ اﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ،ﭘﺎﺗﻮژن ﻫﺎ و اﺛﺮ آﻧﺘﺎﮔﻮﻧﯿﺴﻤﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺎﮐﺮوﺟﻠﺒﮏ ﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات HAB و درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺬف ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺟﻠﺒﮑﯽ ﻣﻀﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﯿﭻ ﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل HAB ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺧﺎص ﺑﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ اﻣﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺼﻮر و ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان از آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ و ﻧﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺳﺎز اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮد، ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ از ﺧﺎك رس ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ اﯾﺠﺎد اﺛﺮات ﮐﻤﺘﺮ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻫﺎي درﯾﺎﯾﯽ و اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات دﯾﮕﺮ ﭘﯿﮑﺮه آﺑﯽ و ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ آن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدد.

Harmful algae bloom is a natural phenomenon that due some planktonic species, especially dinoflagellates, and causes many problems for aquatic ecosystems. Despite the naturalness of this phenomenon, in addition to natural stress, human-made pollution and entry sewage and industrial wastewater has to aquatic ecosystems cause more stable and aggravated in recent decades. Mortality of aquatic organisems ,significant damage to the aquatic environment and the aquaculture industry have led researchers to attempt appropriate solutions to control this natural phenomenon. Three methods to control harmful algae blooms are called physical control including clay and ultrasonic, biological control including use of grazers, pathogens and antagonistic effects due to interaction macroalgae to reduce of HAB effects, ultimately, chemical control is use chemical or mineral compounds to remove harmful algae cells. Thus, many studies have been carried out by researchers that their results show none of these HAB control techniques is not ineffective particularly, but to improved this problem in enclosed and small environments can be used those approaches depends on environment and harmful algae species. Also suggested use of clay to control HAB because it has less environmental effects on marine environments and on other aquatic organisms and it has low cost.