گرمايش جهاني، اسيدي شدن اقيانوس ها و پاسخ جانوران كربنات كلسيم ساز

Global warming, ocean acidification and responses of calcium carbonate producers

ﺑﻪﻃﻮرﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺳﻄﺢ آب اﻗﯿﺎﻧﻮسﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ اﺷﺒﺎعﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ CO2 اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮي، ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﯾﻮن ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎت و ﻧﯿﺰ pH آب درﯾﺎﻫﺎ و اﻗﯿﺎﻧﻮسﻫﺎ ﺷﺪه ا ﺳﺖ. ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از اﯾﻦ ا ﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻗﺮن، ﺷﺎﻫﺪ دو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺷﺪن ﻣﯿﺰان CO2 و درﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ 3 درﺟﻪايِ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ دﻣﺎي آب اﻗﯿﺎﻧﻮﺳــﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ pH ﺗﺎ 0/4- 0/3 واﺣﺪ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ pH اﻣﺮوزي آبﻫﺎ ﺧﻮاﻫﯿﻢ ﺑﻮد. ﺷــﻮاﻫﺪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﮔﻮﯾﺎي اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ اﯾﻦ روﻧﺪ اداﻣﻪ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ ارﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴــﻢﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات ﮐﻠﯿﺪي درﯾﺎﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻣﺮﺟﺎنﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮنﻫﺎي ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﮐﻠ ﺴﯿﻢ ﺳﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﮐﻠ ﺴﯿﻢ ﻣﻮردﻧﯿﺎز ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎ ﻣ ﺸﮑﻞ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ و اداﻣﻪ آن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮگ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات و آ ﺳﯿﺐ ر ﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ اﮐﻮ ﺳﯿ ﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﺣ ﺴﺎس ﮔﺮدد و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ از ﺑﯿﻦ رﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻈﯿﻤﯽ از ﺗﻨﻮع زﯾ ﺴﺘﯽ آبﻫﺎ ﺷــﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺿــﻤﻦ ﺗﺸــﺮﯾﺢ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺻــﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ در اﺛﺮ ورود CO2 ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎي آﺑﯽ، راﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات آن ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ آب و ﻧﯿﺰ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي آن ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ ﺳﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Normally, ocean water are saturated with calcium carbonate, but increasing the atmospheric CO2 concentration has led to a decrease in the concentration of carbonate ion and also the pH of seas and oceans. climate change is expected to be associated to an increase of oceanic surface temperature by more than 3 °C and a decrease of global mean sea surface pH up to 0.32 units by the year 2100. Experimental evidences suggest that, as the process progresses, organisms and key organisms in the sea, such as corals and some calcium carbonate planktons, will have difficulty making their required calcium carbonate, and the continuation of this can lead to Destroying these creatures and damaging these ecosystems that will lead to the destruction of a large part of the biodiversity of the water. In this study, while describing the process of CO2 entering aqueous media, we discuss the effects of this process on the physico-chemical properties of water and its consequences for calcium carbonate organisms.