معرفي فلور، شكل زيستي و كورولوژي گياهان آبزي منطقه غرب تالاب انزلي (تالاب آبكنار)

Introduction to the flora, life forms and chorology of The western region of Anzali wetland (Abkenar wetland)

ﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﯾﮏ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ آﺑﯽ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎريرﺳﺎﻧﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ، ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ و ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﭘﺎﯾﺪار از ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮة آن ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪﻋﻤﻞآﻣﺪه از ﻓﻠﻮر ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ ﺗﺎﻟﺎب آﺑﮑﻨﺎر در ﺳﺎل 1393، ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺗﻌﺪاد 14 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 11 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن آﺑﺰي در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ وﺟﻮد دارد. ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Potamogenaceae و ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Thyphaceae ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام ﺑﺎ دو ﺟﻨﺲ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دادهاﻧﺪ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Phragmites australis ﻏﺎﻟﺐﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﮥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ ﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﺗﺎﻟﺎب اﻧﺰﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﮑﻞ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﺰي در ﺗﺎﻟﺎب ﻏﺮب اﻧﺰﻟﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روش راﻧﮑﺎﯾﺮ )Raunkiaer(، ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﺮﯾﭙﺘﻮﻓﯿﺖ ﺑﺎ 35/71 درﺻﺪ، ﺗﺮوﻓﯿﺖ ﺑﺎ 21/42 درﺻﺪ و ﻫﻠﻮﻓﯿﺖ ﺑﺎ 42/8 درﺻﺪ ﻃﯿﻒ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎي روﯾﺸﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ را در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج و ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ روﯾﺸﯽ ﺟﻬﺎن وﻃﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ 57/14 درﺻﺪ، اروﭘﺎ- ﺳﯿﺒﺮي و ﻣﺪﯾﺘﺮاﻧﻪاي ﺑﺎ 7/14 درﺻﺪ، ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي ﺑﺎ 21/42 درﺻﺪ و اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ- ﺗﻮراﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ 7/14 درﺻﺪ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﮐﺮوﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ را ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽدادﻧﺪ.

The western region of Anzali wetland (Abkenar) is located in Guilan province in Iran. This area is between the 37o 49'-37o 51' north latitude and 49o 25'-49o 27' east longitude. Abkenar wetland is importance in the region due to its special position, such as the fishing of native marginalists. Survey of regional ecological characteristics and aquatic plants distribution contributes to the water ecosystems, conservation and sustainable use of their potential. Flora of this region includes 14 plant species which belong to 11 families. The largest families are Potamogenaceae (2 species), Thyphaceae (2 species). Phragmites auastralis is the most abundant species in the western region of the Anzali Wetland. The result showed that according to the classification Raunkiaer system (Raunkiaer, 1934) there were 21/42% Therophytes, 35/71% and 42/8% Holophytes. Also, Investigation on chorology of plant species showed that 57/14 Cosmopolitan, 21/42 Plurinational, 7/14 European-Siberian-Mediterranean and 7/14% Irano_Touranian in The western region of Anzali wetland.