تغيير رويكرد مديريت شيلاتي، راهكار سازگاري با شرايط تغيير اقليم

Changing the fishery approach management, a solution to adapt to climate change conditions

ﭘﺪﯾﺪة ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ و ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ زﻣﯿﻦ، ﭘﺪﯾﺪة ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮمﺳﺎزﮔﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ را درﮔﯿﺮ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ و ازآﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽﮐﻪ زﯾﺴﺘﻤﻨﺪان درﯾﺎﯾﯽ اﮐﺜﺮاً ﺑﻪ دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، اﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﮐﻠﯿﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ- ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ آﺑﯽ و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﭼﺮﺧﮥ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات ﺳﺎﮐﻦ درﯾﺎﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﺷﻮد. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﮥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺮوري - ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ اﺛﺮات در آبﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﺛﺮات اﯾﺠﺎدﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ ذﺧﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن آبﻫﺎي درﯾﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﺮان در ﻣﺤﺪودة درﯾﺎي ﺧﺰر، ﺧﻠﯿﺞﻓﺎرس، ﺗﻨﮕﮥ ﻫﺮﻣﺰ و ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻋﻤﺎن اﺷﺎره دارد. در ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺳﺎزش ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ در اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ روﻧﺪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺷﯿﻼﺗﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از آﺑﺰﯾﺎن اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ روش ﻣﺎﻫﯿﮕﯿﺮي و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از آبﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﯿﻖ و ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﯿﮕﯿﺮي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﮕﯿﺮي ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ذﺧﺎﯾﺮ آبﻫﺎي دور اﺳﺖ، زﯾﺮا ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ذﺧﺎﯾﺮ ﻋﻤﻼً از دﺳﺘﺮس آبﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ ﺧﺎرج ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ. در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي آﺑﺰيﭘﺮوري ﻧﯿﺰ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﭘﺮورش ﻗﻔﺲ درﯾﺎﯾﯽ در آبﻫﺎي ﺑﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺎزش ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ پيشنهاد مي شود

The phenomenon of climate change and global warming is a fact that has unfortunately affected various ecosystems, and since marine life is dependent on temperature exactly, this change can occur in all physicochemical dimensions of the water source and biological and physiological marine fauna. The present article refers is a review on these effects in the world as well as the effects on fish stocks in Iranian marine waters in the Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman. In this regard, proposed solutions to adapt to the conditions arising from the possible consequences of climate change in Iran with emphasis on the process of fisheries management. Which includes fishing method changed to deep waters exploitation and improves industrial fishing methods than traditional fishing because the reserves will practically be out of reach of coastal waters. In aquaculture planning, the marine cage culture extension will be consider and improve.