بررسي تطبيقي درون‌مايه‌هاي شعر بُشري بستاني و ژاله اصفهاني در دو بُعد سياسي و اجتماعي

A Comparative Study of the Themes in Bushrá Bustānī and Jaleh Esfahani's Poetry

ﺟﺴﺘﺎر ﭘﯿﺶ رو ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺑُﺸﺮي ﺑﺴـﺘﺎﻧﯽ ژاﻟـﻪ اﺻـﻔﻬﺎﻧﯽ در دو ﺑُﻌـﺪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳـﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازد. ﺷﯿﻮۀ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾـﮥ ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ ـ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠـﯽ اﺳـﺘﻮار اﺳـﺖ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ دو ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﺮان و ﻋﺮاق ﻣﻌﺎﺻـﺮ، درون ﻣﺎﯾـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺷـﻌﺮ اﯾـﻦ دو ﺷـﺎﻋﺮ را ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻢ ﻧﺰدﯾـﮏ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ درون ﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺘﺮك اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺗـﻮان اﻋﺘـﺮاض ﺑـﻪ ﻓﻘـﺮ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨّﺖ ﻣﺮدﺳﺎﻻري و ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﻗﺮاري ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﮥ ﮐﺎﻣﻠﯽ از رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ زن و ﻣﺮد اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺑُﻌﺪ در ﺷﻌﺮ ﺑُﺸﺮي ﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و زﺑﺎن ژاﻟﻪ در ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻓﻘﺮ، ﮔﺰﻧﺪه ﺗﺮ و اﺣﺴﺎس او دردﻣﻨﺪﺗﺮ از ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﻋﺮاﻗﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، اﺑـﺮاز ﺑﯿـﺰاري از ﺟﻨـﮓ، ﺗﺤﻘير دﺷﻤﻨﺎن، وﻃﻦ دوﺳﺘﯽ، ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﺎرزه، ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ و ﺷـﻬﺎدت در راه وﻃـﻦ، و ﻣﺤﮑﻮﻣﯿـﺖ و ﻧﮑـﻮﻫﺶ رو ﻨﻔﮑﺮان و دوﻟﺘﻤﺮداﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﻧﯿﺰ اﻋﺘﺮاض ﺑﻪ واﭘﺲ ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ و ﺗﺤﺠﺮ ﻓﮑـﺮي مهمترين ﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﺑﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ دو ﺷﺎﻋﺮ اﺳﺖ.

This study examines comparatively poetry of Bushrá Bustānī and Jaleh Esfahani in both political and social dimensions. This study is based on a descriptive-analytic method and the findings suggest that the feminine spirit of these two contemporary poets and the similar political, social and cultural conditions of the two countries of contemporary Iran and Iraq have brought together the themes of the poetry of these two poets. The most important social themes shared between the two poets include protesting the poverty of society and combating the patriarchal tradition and trying to establish a complete system of relations between men and women. That dimension in Bushrá poetry has been more frequent and Jaleh's language on the subject of poverty is bitterer and more painful than the Iraqi poet. Also, the hatred of war, the humiliation of enemies, the patriotism, the emphasis on struggle, resistance and martyrdom for the homeland, and the condemnation and condemnation of intellectuals and statesmen who do not serve society. As well as the protest against dogmatism and intellectual fanaticism are the most important political foundations shared between the two poets.