كليدواژه :
صدرالمتألهين شيرازي , نفس‌شناسي , قرآن , متون ديني , عقل , فلسفه
چكيده فارسي :
حقيقت انسان، نحوه تكون و آغاز حيات او، سرنوشت و سرانجام و جايگاه او در نظام هستي، همواره كانون توجه فيلسوفان، متفكران و متألهان بوده و هست. در ميان فيلسوفان يونان، به‌ويژه ارسطو تا ساير فيلسوفان مشاء و اشراق و حكمت متعاليه، مي‌توان تطور و سير تكاملي انديشه را درباره نفس مشاهده كردد. در حكمت متعاليه صدرا، در كنار منابع عقلي و شهودي به عنوان عوامل مؤثر بر شناخت حقيقي نفس، بر آموزه‌هاي ديني نيز تأكيد شده است. صدرا بر اين باور است كه بدون استمداد از آموزه‌هاي ديني و معرفت وحياني، شناخت نفس ناطقه آدمي امكان‌پذير نيست و تأملات عقليِ تنها، در اين وادي از دانش به جايي نمي‌رسد. اين موضوع، رهيافت جديدي در حوزه معرفة‌النفس است كه مدعي است آموزه‌هاي ديني كه از سرچشمه وحي مي‌جوشد، به ياري دستاوردهاي عقل بشري مي‌شتابد تا حقيقت وجودي خويش را به او بنماياند. در اين مقاله با مراجعه به آثار ملاصدرا، كيفيت بهره‌گيري وي از آيات قرآني و آموزه‌هاي ديني در تبيين مباحث اساسي علم النفس بررسي مي‌شود.
چكيده لاتين :
The purpose of this article is to explain the principles of ethical action based
on the Islamic schema of action. Regarding the underlying principles of the
practice, the study of Islamic texts, and in particular the Qur'an, can be
concluded that the foundations of action are summarized in at least three basic
foundations, which can be called cognitive, attitudinal, and voluntary basis.
Whenever behavior, whether tangible or intangible, is based on these three
bases, that behavior is considered to be action. The method of research is a
qualitative conceptual analysis which means from the analysis of the concept of
verses and moral narratives, we were able to achieve the foundations of moral
action. The data collection tool is flash cards and note taking. The analytical
community of this research is Quranic verses and narrations as well as
interpretative books. Sampling from this community is purposeful based on the
subject of research (ethics). The data analysis method is the categorization,
coding and interpretation of verses and narrations which have been done
continually and concurrently with data collecting. The main question of the
research is that by studying the verses and narrations, is it possible to generalize
the human-factor theory to the domain of morality? In this article, by studying
the verses of the Quran and the narratives related to the field of ethics, we
found the foundations of knowing God as the foundation of good, the
recognition of human dignity as the basis of morality, the recognition of God as
the limit of limits, the perception of the rational universality of action Ethics in
the cognitive domain; and the human foundations demand the ultimate good
and balance of emotion, the basis of ethical virtue in the sphere of tenderness;
and the basis of will and determination of the necessary condition for moral
action in the voluntary domain of achievement, and generalized the human
theory of the agent to ethics.
