نقش اهل بيت(ع) در بنيان گذاري «علم صحيح» از منظر احاديث فريقين

The Concept of " Correct Knowledge" as Propounded by the Ahl al- Bayt (a) for the Evaluation of Sunni and Shia Hadith

در اواخر قرن اول به تدريج جامعه اسلامي با رشد جريانات علمي مواجه شد. در اين زمان، بلاد مختلف تحت تاثير ميراث اصحاب و تاثرات فرهنگي از ملل مختلفي كه در اثر فتوحات با مسلمانان در آميخته بودند (مانند ايران و روم و مصر و يونان) سفره هاي علمي متنوعي را در جامعه گستردند. در اين ميان امامان اهل بيت توانستند نظر بخشي از جامعه را به سوي خود جلب كنند؛ به طوري كه ايشان امامان را تنها حامل علم صحيح نبوي مي دانستند و مرجع اصلي و منحصر علم را اين خاندان مي شناختند. پرسش اين نوشتار اين است كه چگونه اين رويش فكري در شيعيان حاصل شد، به ويژه اينكه فضاي سياسي و فرهنگي جامعه و دستگاه حاكم نسبت به امامان اهل بيت كاملا متمايز و بعضا در تعارض و تزاحم بوده است.

Towards the end of the first century [of the Hijra], the Muslim community was gradually faced with the maturing of various schools of thought. At this time, as different lands came under the domain of Islam, the cultural influences of other nations that had been conquered by the Muslims became amalgamated (such as the Iranian, Roman, Egyptian and Greek nations). As such, various trends of thought and types of knowledge entered the Muslim community. At this time, the Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) were able to attract a following from some in the community who realized that it was only the Imams (a) who were the bearers of correct knowledge from the Prophet and hence considered them the primary source of emulation. They deemed the Ahl al-Bayt (a) to be the only ones who possessed this knowledge. The question that this paper addresses is how this thought took root among the Shīʿas, especially when the political and cultural climate was such that the government was completely detached from the Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) and at times was even at odds with them.