چكيده لاتين :
Undoubtedly, one of the basic human needs is security. Security is an essential element in any social system, which states assign their first priority to establishing it in society. Security has two main dimensions: the sense of security and real security. These two dimensions are not necessarily the same, despite their very close relationship. The real security is a series of mathematical calculations, based on the probability of various risks and the effectiveness of preventive security measures. By doing this, one can say how much people's homes are safe from robbery in a neighborhood, or how likely it is to kill a person on the street. Doing this is not a problem. This is what many permanent insurance companies are doing; but there is another dimension of security that is based not on probabilistic mathematical calculations but on individual psychological responses to threats. This dimension, called "sense of security", is often a mental affair, and is different from person to person. Therefore, in the same security, different people may have different security feelings (Schneider quoted Hassannew: 1390.29). The sense of security is a state of affairs that does not threaten society with fear of its legitimate rights and freedoms, and in no way endangers their rights. The objective and external meaning of security, and the sense of security, are an inner and subjective concept. According to many experts, the sense of security in a society is more important than being objective (Moawad, Hemmat, 55: 1392). Having a sense of security is the first prerequisite for progress and the achievement of sustainable development for the civilized society. (Hashemianfar et al., 1392). If we look at the countries of the world, we will find that they are paying a lot of attention to security, because this is a prerequisite for any development in the economic, political, social, cultural and other dimensions. Without security, there will be no progress in development and progress in planning (Hassanwand, 1391). Human beings will dominate the nature, escape from insecurity and threat, satisfy their basic needs and, in a word, achieve safety and safety, social life chose. In the meantime, in the context of the expansion of social gatherings and the complexity of social relations, they entered a variety of relationships that differentiated the spheres of life under the social, economic, political, and cultural divisions, ... and overturned its security. Thus, with the gathering and formation of society, mankind created a new bedrock to threaten his own security, which arose from his collective life. He, who formed society to escape the insecurity and sense of security, soon found that his burden of security was threatened not only by nature and by natural factors, but by human beings and various social, economic and political factors. Therefore, his constant concern for achieving a sense of security emerged in the new category, entitled "Social Security Sense." (Bahri Pour, 2012). The security of the person and society is deemed to be the needs and necessities of a person and society whose lack or disturbance in those consequences and reflections are disturbing and It is dangerous that civil society, in order to live up to its growth and achieve high levels of growth, needs security and tranquility which, with the growth of social crimes and social deviations, causes the most insecure and leaning faces in society. (Bahri Pour, 2: 1391) The realization of a sense of security will create a sense of courage and confidence in individuals and can be the basis of their success in society. Similarly, feelings of insecurity create tension, anxiety, restlessness, vague fears of impending calamities and even mental illness. (Hassanwand et al., 1392)
Empirical evidence in Iranian society shows that social security and the feeling of it are not in a very favorable situation. A poll from the Center for Iranian Student Thinking Center (ISPA) suggests that 81% of Iranians feel insecure (Hackers, 2005: 154). In a survey conducted in 2004 and 2005 on measuring the level of social security of the provincial centers of the provinces, the average insecurity rate in the provinces of the country in 2004 was equal to 15/79. In 2005, the average insecurity in the community was 93.1 and the average insecurity rate was 58.9% (Bahri Pour, 4: 1391)
Given what has been said, addressing the issue of security and the social and cultural factors affecting it is one of the main concerns of each country. Accordingly, this research intends to identify the various social and cultural factors affecting the sense of social security of citizens, with emphasis on the variable of social trust in improving the status quo.
Social trust is the set of expectations that are learned in the process of socialization, and individuals have expectations of individuals, groups, organizations and institutions that are in the community. To operate social trust as an independent variable, referring to past research in three dimensions is the interpersonal, institutional, and generalized trust. (Mokhtari et al., 2012). Social trust is one of the key concepts of social science and is one of the vital components of social capital and the most important aspect of human relationships. Many social thinkers know trust as a sensation that leads to co-operation, and thus trust, while encouraging voluntary, innovative and creative activities, encourages individuals to mobilize in collective work. Social trust is a concept that manifests itself in the process of social relations between individuals and community organizations. Trust is the feeling of social relations and has a direct relationship with the amount of social relationships. So that's the amount of social trust between individuals, groups and organizations The social status of the society is greater, as much as social relations are more diverse, more stable and more stable. (Shardy Manahaji, 64: 1393)
Undoubtedly, one of the basic human needs is security. Security is an essential element in any social system, which states assign their first priority to establishing it in society. Security has two main dimensions: the sense of security and real security. These two dimensions are not necessarily the same, despite their very close relationship. The real security is a series of mathematical calculations, based on the probability of various risks and the effectiveness of preventive security measures. By doing this, one can say how much people's homes are safe from robbery in a neighborhood, or how likely it is to kill a person on the street. Doing this is not a problem. This is what many permanent insurance companies are doing; but there is another dimension of security that is based not on probabilistic mathematical calculations but on individual psychological responses to threats. This dimension, called "sense of security", is often a mental affair, and is different from person to person. Therefore, in the same security, different people may have different security feelings (Schneider quoted Hassannew: 1390.29). The sense of security is a state of affairs that does not threaten society with fear of its legitimate rights and freedoms, and in no way endangers their rights. The objective and external meaning of security, and the sense of security, are an inner and subjective concept. According to many experts, the sense of security in a society is more important than being objective (Moawad, Hemmat, 55: 1392). Having a sense of security is the first prerequisite for progress and the achievement of sustainable development for the civilized society. (Hashemianfar et al., 1392). If we look at the countries of the world, we will find that they are paying a lot of attention to security, because this is a prerequisite for any development in the economic, political, social, cultural and other dimensions. Without security, there will be no progress in development and progress in planning (Hassanwand, 1391). Human beings will dominate the nature, escape from insecurity and threat, satisfy their basic needs and, in a word, achieve safety and safety, social life chose. In the meantime, in the context of the expansion of social gatherings and the complexity of social relations, they entered a variety of relationships that differentiated the spheres of life under the social, economic, political, and cultural divisions, ... and overturned its security. Thus, with the gathering and formation of society, mankind created a new bedrock to threaten his own security, which arose from his collective life. He, who formed society to escape the insecurity and sense of security, soon found that his burden of security was threatened not only by nature and by natural factors, but by human beings and various social, economic and political factors. Therefore, his constant concern for achieving a sense of security emerged in the new category, entitled "Social Security Sense." (Bahri Pour, 2012). The security of the person and society is deemed to be the needs and necessities of a person and society whose lack or disturbance in those consequences and reflections are disturbing and It is dangerous that civil society, in order to live up to its growth and achieve high levels of growth, needs security and tranquility which, with the growth of social crimes and social deviations, causes the most insecure and leaning faces in society. (Bahri Pour, 2: 1391) The realization of a sense of security will create a sense of courage and confidence in individuals and can be the basis of their success in society. Similarly, feelings of insecurity create tension, anxiety, restlessness, vague fears of impending calamities and even mental illness. (Hassanwand et al., 1392)
Empirical evidence in Iranian society shows that social security and the feeling of it are not in a very favorable situation. A poll from the Center for Iranian Student Thinking Center (ISPA) suggests that 81% of Iranians feel insecure (Hackers, 2005: 154). In a survey conducted in 2004 and 2005 on measuring the level of social security of the provincial centers of the provinces, the average insecurity rate in the provinces of the country in 2004 was equal to 15/79. In 2005, the average insecurity in the community was 93.1 and the average insecurity rate was 58.9% (Bahri Pour, 4: 1391)
Given what has been said, addressing the issue of security and the social and cultural factors affecting it is one of the main concerns of each country. Accordingly, this research intends to identify the various social and cultural factors affecting the sense of social security of citizens, with emphasis on the variable of social trust in improving the status quo.
Social trust is the set of expectations that are learned in the process of socialization, and individuals have expectations of individuals, groups, organizations and institutions that are in the community. To operate social trust as an independent variable, referring to past research in three dimensions is the interpersonal, institutional, and generalized trust. (Mokhtari et al., 2012). Social trust is one of the key concepts of social science and is one of the vital components of social capital and the most important aspect of human relationships. Many social thinkers know trust as a sensation that leads to co-operation, and thus trust, while encouraging voluntary, innovative and creative activities, encourages individuals to mobilize in collective work. Social trust is a concept that manifests itself in the process of social relations between individuals and community organizations. Trust is the feeling of social relations and has a direct relationship with the amount of social relationships. So that's the amount of social trust between individuals, groups and organizations The social status of the society is greater, as much as social relations are more diverse, more stable and more stable. (Shardy Manahaji, 64: 1393)
