تحليل ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و ﻫﯿﺪروﻣﻮرﻓﻮاﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ در ﺑﺮآورد ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯿﺖ زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻗﺰل آﻻي ﺧﺎل ﻗﺮﻣﺰ در رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﯿﻘﻮان ﭼﺎي

Analysis of Application of Hydrological and Hydromorphocological Approaches in Estimating the Ecological Water Demand and Habitat Suitability Salmo trutta in the Liqvanchay River

ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯿﺖ زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ آﺑﺰي، از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮐﻠﯿﺪي در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﯿﻘﻮان ﭼﺎي ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺗﻨﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و ﺑﺮآورد ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﺪل ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﯿﺪروﻣﻮرﻓﻮاﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯿﺖ زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻗﺰل آﻻي ﺧﺎل ﻗﺮﻣﺰ، ﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﻣﺰوزﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯿـﺖ زﯾﺴـﺘﮕﺎه ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎت ﻣﯿـﺪاﻧﯽ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑـﺮداري ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ )ﻋﻤﻖ، ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ( و اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ آن ﯾﮏ روش ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ رژﯾﻢ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن اﮐﻮﻟـﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي اﮐﻮﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯿﺖ زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه )ﻋﻤﻖ آب، ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن و ﺑﺴﺘﺮ(، در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﻟﯿﻘﻮان ﭼﺎي و ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ARC-GIS، ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﻣﺪل رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ و ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻋﺮﺿﯽ، اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧـﺮم اﻓـﺰار HEC-RAS اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﻫﯿﺪروﻣﻮرﻓﻮاﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ در ﻣﺪل MesoHABSIM، ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ. در اﯾـﻦ ﻣـﺪل اﮐﻮﻫﯿـﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ، راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮏ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن و ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻗﺰل آﻻي ﺧﺎل ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده وزﻧﯽ، ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه و ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﻫـﺎي دﺑﯽ - ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯿﺖ زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ در دﺑﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ دﺑﯽ - ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯿﺖ زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه، ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯿﺖ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻣﻘﺪار و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ، ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻣﻄﻠﻮب اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺑﯿﻦ 0/27 ﺗﺎ 0/76 ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﯿﻪ و ﻋﻤﻖ آب اﮐﻮﻟـﻮژﯾﮑﯽ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺑﯿﻦ 0/3 ﺗﺎ 0/7 ﻣﺘﺮ در ﻓﺼﻮل و ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ، ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﺎت، ﻣﺤـﺪوده رژﯾـﻢ ﺟﺮﯾـﺎن اﮐﻮﻟـﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﺰل آﻻي ﺧﺎل ﻗﺮﻣﺰ در رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺑﯿﻦ 0/27 ﺗﺎ 2/84 ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺑﺮﺛﺎﻧﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﻣﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﺮ و اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ، ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﺰل آﻻي ﺧﺎل ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫـﺎي زﯾﺴـﺘﯽ، ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ در دو ﻓﺼـﻞ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﻬﺎر و در ﺑﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻدﺳﺖ و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ، ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس، ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﮐﻤﺘﺮي از رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﯿﻘﻮان ﭼـﺎي در ﻣﺤـﺪوده ﯿﺎﻧﯽ و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ دﺳﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺼﺎرف دﯾﮕﺮ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﯿﺮد ﺗﺎ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺮآورده ﺷﺪه و اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ رژﯾﻢ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ در ﻓﺼﻮل ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ، 50 درﺻﺪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﻄﻠﻮب را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ.

Investigation of ecological, hydrological and habitat suitability status of aquatic communities is one of the key elements in river ecosystem management. In this regard, in the present study, the determination of the minimum environmental flow of Liqvanchay River using hydrological method of Tennant based on hydrological Information and estimation of ecologically optimal water requirement using Habitat Simulation Model as well as hydromorphocological analysis and habitat suitability of index fish Salmo trutta L.1758 were investigated. For this purpose, mesohabitat simulation based on curves habitat suitability index were performed by field studies and sampling of hydraulic (depth, velocity and bed index) and ecological parameters and accordingly, a new method of classifying the ecological flow regime according to the echohydraulic indices of habitat suitability (water depth, flow velocity and bed) was considered. First, the geometry of the Liqvanchay River model and cross sections was created using the topography map of Liqvanchay River and Arc-GIS software. Then the hydraulic simulation of the river was performed with HEC-RAS software. In the next step, hydromorphocological and habitat simulation were performed in MesoHABSIM model. In this Echohydraulic Model, the relationship between the hydraulic flow and the habitat needs of the species Salmo trutta was established by Weighted Usable Area, and the discharge- habitat suitability curves of the target species were extracted in different discharges in both adult and juvenile life stages. By extracting the discharge- habitat suitability curve, the desirability of the river in terms of quantity and location was investigated. The results showed that the optimal ecological flow velocity should be in the range between 0.27 to 0.76 m/s and the ecological water depth should be in the range between 0.3 to 0.7 m in different seasons and parts of the river.