كليدواژه :
حكومت قاجار , واليان پشتكوه , حسينقليخان ابوقداوه , غلامرضاخان ابوقداوه , ثبات , امنيت
چكيده لاتين :
After coming to power, the Qajars in pursuit of security and continuity of government sought to suppress and dismantle local powers and their possible rivals. The governors organized military forces using natural, geographic, mountainous, and strategic conditions. Thus, Qajars recognized them as legitimate governors. The Qajars utilized the power of the governors to suppress the rebellion of Khuzestan, Lorestan, and Kermanshah regions, and to prevent the Ottoman boundary interferences. Hossein-Quli Khan was a governor who received Nasser-al-Din Shah’s support including titles and continuity of his post. After the death of Qulam-Reza Khan, Mozafar al-Din Shah continued this support for his son. Although the son was not capable like his father, he managed to secure the governorship. However, with the fall of Qajars and the rise of the Pahlavi Dynasty, he fled to Iraq and eventually the governorship collapsed. The present study sought to investigate how the relationship between the central power structure and Poshtkuh governors was, and how the equilibrium of power was established between the central government of Qajar and the said Governors. The research hypothesis is that the Qajar government has supported the governors in the pursuit of internal and border stability, and the governors have been loyal to the Qajars.
Introduction:
In pursuit of the stability of their government, the Qajars suppressed and dismantled local powers and their possible rivals after coming to power. Having understood the new situation, the governors relocated their ruling headquarter to Poshtkuh. They were recognized officially by the central government using the special geographic position of the region, reorganizing military forces, establishing order and restoring the limit of their territories, sending taxes and tolls timely, and suppressing the violence of Ottomans. The statesmen of the central government employed their military power to establish order and security and to suppress local rebellions in Khuzestan, Lorestan, and Kermanshah regions if necessary. The powerful governors of Poshtkuh were related inversely with power fluctuations of the central government in terms of power equilibrium. Despite their power and specific condition in their realm, they never claimed autonomy, separation, and evasion from the central power.
Materials and Methods:
The present study was based on historical documents and the analysis of other related sources.
Discussion of Results and Conclusions:
Hossein Quli Khan, the governor of Poshtkuh, established and restored order in line with commands of the central government during his ruling term (1280-1318 AH/1863-1900 AD). He was noticed as a local and authoritarian power inside and outside his realm by suppressing the violence of Ottomans and chasing them. Using high military power, he managed to suppress rebellions in Lorestan, Khuzestan, and Kermanshah and thereby played an essential and effective role in these regions. Zel Al-Sultan and Isfahan and Lorestan governors together brought him to Tehran during wedding ceremonies for his son, Sultan Hossein Mirza Jala Al- Doleh. He was honored to the titles of Sarem Al-Saltaneh, Amir Toman, the head of Poshtkooh corps, and granting a sword when visiting Nasereddin Shah. The title of Fath Al-Saltaneh was granted to his son on this trip.
With his intercession, Zel Al-Sultan, as powerful governor of Isfahan and Lorestan, released a great number of chiefs of Lor tribes from the jail in Isfahan. Following the establishment of civil security and the restoration of border limits for exploitation from salt mines, ranches of various tribes and nomads, further utilization from water supplies of borderline rivers, and dominance over some disputed border zones, he defeated the Ottoman and chased them up to Tigris banks. Under such conditions, the Ottoman government tries to compel the governor to retreat by diplomatic protests; however, the government that was aware of his services, not only did not obstruct him but also appreciated his magnificent services. His son, Qulam Reza, succeeded him after his death in 1318 Ah (1900AD). The structure of the political system changed following the victory of the Constitutional Movement and the formation of the National Council Parliament. QulamRezaGovernor, Sheikh Khazal, and Solat Al-Doleh Qashqaei formed a ternary alliance under the title of ‘Society of Prosperity’ to prevent Qajar collapse and to continue the constitutional trend. Although they did no important activity in this regard; however, they acted more independently in their territories.
Qulam RezaGovernor caused some problems in the Kut Al Amara region (Iraqi border) by supporting the interim government for British forces during World War I (1914-1918). Following to take the power of the Pahlavi I Government (1925-1941) and in the course of the New Order and the concentration of political power by the governor, who could not fight against the Modern Army, he took asylum in Iraq by gathering his properties. The governors were supported by the central government with the establishment of domestic order and security, stability at borders, and sending taxes timely to the financial administration. They assumed their own territory as an integrated part of this country at the peak point of their territorial sovereignty and tackled Ottoman violence by avoiding claiming independence and seeking separation from the central government.
The results of the present study imply that in pursuit of the establishment of internal and border stability and tax payment, Qajar statesmen were supported by the governors within the realm of their power and there was a reverse relationship between financial relations of governors with a change in the equilibrium of central power.
