كليدواژه :
بوشهر , صنايع ريسندگي و بافندگي , دواس , اعتماديه , اقتصاد , ايگار
چكيده لاتين :
The economic and industrial history of Bushehr is one of the unspoken and unopened dimensions of this land. Bushehr’s economic history is divided into two parts, which include the period of the traditional economy and modern economy. In the modern economy of Bushehr, various industries play a role, which are headed by oil, gas, and petrochemical industries, shipbuilding industries, and food industries. However, the pioneer of modern industries in Bushehr province has been the textile industry. This study seeks to investigate the context and consequences of the establishment of atextile factory --Etemadieh-- and the reasons for its closure. The main question of this research is the following: What arethe grounds for constructing Etemadiyeh textile factory in Bushehr and its consequences? The main hypothesis of this research is that the establishment of Etemadiyeh factory in Bushehr is the product of the emergence of a period of industrial development in Iran, the main feature of which is the entry of the private sector into the industry, including spinning and weaving industries. The motivation of this group of capital owners, in addition to making a profit, has been national and patriotic motives and efforts to create a local industry. Also, the establishment of this factory led to the reduction of unemployment in Bushehr.
Introduction
The spinning and weaving industries in Iran have a long and remarkable history. In fact, one of the historical advantages of the industry in Iran is the strong presence of the textile industry in the economic and industrial structure of Iran. Iranians have been familiar with the spinning and weaving industry since ancient times and have produced many products in this field. There are signs of the flourishing of the textile industry during the Achaemenid, Parthian, and Sassanid eras, which indicate that the Iranians were the leaders in most of the textile fields of their time. Iran's spinning and weaving industry during the Sassanid period was so prestigious and important that it continued its work after Islam. After Islam and the arrival of the Arabs in Iran, due to the importance of the textile industry in Iran, newcomers were willing to accept part of the Iranian tax in the form of textile products. An example of this can be seen in the city of Touj or Toz (Moghaddasi, 2006). Also, Tha'labi in his description of Fars has spoken of the export of five thousand garments (Tha'labi, 1989).
Considering the important background of Bushehr in the field of textile weaving and the existence of centers such as Touj and Janaba and also the economic prosperity of Bushehr in the Qajar period, it was expected that Bushehr was one of the most important and prosperous ports of Iran in the Pahlavi period. Bushehr lost its prosperity and was not paid much attention by the Pahlavi government. Few important measures were taken in Bushehr by patriotic businessmen, such as the establishment of Etemadiyeh factory. This research has investigated the ups and downs of this factory from 1937 to 2009. The main question of this research is the following: What are the grounds for the establishment of this factory and its consequences? This study seeks to answer this question by examining the ups and downs of this factory from 1937 to 2009.
Materials and Methods
This study is a descriptive-analytical one, one is what are the grounds for the The data were collected using historical documents, newspapers, and books.
Discussion of Results and Conclusions
Etemadiyeh textile factory, which was the product of the development period of the spinning and weaving industry in the first Pahlavi era, had the potential to change the face of Bushehr province to an industrial and developed province. Etemadieh textile factory, which is the first modern spinning and weaving factory on the shores of the Persian Gulf, provided the grounds and conditions for the creation and expansion of industries in Bushehr and proved that Bushehr can be an industrial place in addition to commercial and port advantages. Etemadiyeh textile factory, which at its peak had more than 2,000 workers and employees, was very successful in developing the city of Bushehr and creating business for local and non-native volunteers. The patriotic interests and motives of local merchants, as well as the existence of suitable conditions for making a profit in the field of the textile industry in Bushehr, led to the establishment of this factory. Bushehr's distance from important textile production centers and the lack of fabric in Bushehr were other grounds for the construction of this industrial unit in Bushehr.
The establishment of Etemadiyeh factory led to the formation and emergence of the industrial working in Bushehr and the increase of awareness and developments related to this class. Improving the quality of life of workers along with some of their dissatisfactions are among other consequences. Most of these dissatisfactions, which are related to the closure of this factory on several occasions, are due to factors such as lack of cash, old machinery, board disputes, and the recession in Bushehr. During the seventy-two years of the company's activity, several obstacles appeared in the way of its continuation and expansion; the identification and removal of these obstacles could provide the grounds for the industrialization of Bushehr. The lack of support for industrial activities in Bushehr province could clearly be observed in the case of Etemadieh factory. The factory is a historical and objective experience of the possibility of establishing and operating industries in Bushehr province that could last for more than seventy years. However, despite this considerable history and background, for various reasons, including the lack of serious support for industry and industrial activities, the factory was eventually closed supporting the claim that trade activities and exports and imports of goods and intermediation are more profitable in Iran than the establishment of factories and industrial units.
Bushehr Etemadiyeh textile factory could meet the needs of society in the most severe economic and social conditions of the country during the Second World War and after, relying on domestic resources and raw materials. In addition to creating wealth, it reduced the country's dependence on foreign goods. This factory showed that investing in the garment industry and spinning and weaving industries has been a successful and effective policy.
