تحليل نارسانويسي املاي فارسي‌آموزان چيني‌زبان بر پايه ديدگاه شناختي (مقاله علمي پژوهشي)

Analysis of Persian dictation dysgraphia of Chinese learners based on cognitive model

فعاليت املانويسي نه تنها درك شنيداري بلكه تا حدودي توانايي جامع زبان را مورد اندازه‌گيري قرار مي‌دهد چرا كه در مهارت املانويسي علاوه بر توانايي انطباق كامل صورت شنيداري حروف و كلمات با صورت نوشتاري آن، بايد به روابط بين واژه‌ها در درون جملات متن از يك سو و روابط واژه‌هاي خارج از جمله‌هاي متن نيز اشراف داشت. بنابراين رمزگشايي صداها و رمزگذاري مجدد آن‌ها در نوشتار،يك تكليف مهم و قابل توجه در امر آموزش زبان است. با توجه به اهميت اين موضوع، هدف اصلي اين پژوهش بررسي و تحليل نارسانويسي املاي فارسي‌آموزان چيني‌زبان بر پايه‌ي ديدگاه شناختي است. جامعه آماري اين پژوهش، فارسي‌آموزان چيني‌زبان مركز آموزش زبان فارسي دانشگاه بين‌المللي امام خميني (ره) و فارسي‌آموزان چيني‌زبان دانشگاه مطالعات زبان‌هاي خارجي پكن بوده است. اين پژوهش با روش توصيفي-تحليلي و بر پايه‌ي ديدگاه شناختي انجام شده است. نمونه آماري اين پژوهش،30 نمونه از املاي زبان‌آموزان چيني‌زبان در سطوح عمومي و تكميلي مركز آموزش زبان فارسي دانشگاه بين‌المللي امام خميني (ره) و تعداد 15 برگه املاي فارسي‌آموزان چيني‌زبان دانشگاه مطالعات زبان‌هاي خارجي پكن است. براي انجام پژوهش ابتدا متن املاي فارسي‌آموزان تصحيح و سپس نوع خطاهاي املانويسي باتوجه به خطاهاي آموزشي، دقت، حافظه‌ي شنيداري، حساسيت شنيداري، حافظه‌ي ديداري، توالي ديداري، تمييز ديداري، وارونه‌نويسي و قرينه نويسي مورد بررسي و واكاوي قرار گرفت. نتايج پژوهش نشان داد كه بيشترين درصد خطاهاي املايي فارسي‌آموزان چيني‌زبان، به ترتيب مشكل آموزشي،حافظه‌ي شنيداري و حافظه‌ي ديداري است. در پايان راهكارهايي مبتني بر رويكرد شناختي به‌منظور بهبود عملكرد املانويسي فارسي‌آموزان چيني‌زبان ارائه گرديد.

Many Persian learner have difficulty to link sound and symbol. They cannot transform the sounds that they hear into letters and words. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate and analyze the Chinese learner’s dictation based on cognitive model and to provide appropriate solutions. The target population of this study is Chinese learners at Imam Khomeini International University's Persian Language Learning Center and Chinese learners at Beijing Foreign Language Studies University. This research was be descriptive and analytical based on the cognitive framework. The sample of this research is 30 samples dictation of Chinese learners at the elementary and advanced levels of Imam Khomeini University and 15 samples dictation of Chinese learners of Beijing Foreign Language Studies University. In order to do the research, at first researcher investigated dictation of Chinese learners. Then, their dictation errors were identified based on Dr. Mustafa Tabriz’s Classification of Nine Classes. These errors include training, accuracy, auditory memory, auditory sensitivity, visual memory, visual sequence, visual differentiation, inversion, and mirroring. At the end, the obtained data were presented as descriptive statistics and strategies for cognitive approach were provided for each type of dictation errors to improve learners' dictation performance. The results show that the highest percentage of dictation errors is educational problem and then auditory memory and then visual memory. Therefore, it can be said that cognitive strategies can be used as a new and attractive method for learners along with other common methods for dictation disorder with regard to individual differences. Extended Abstract: Persian dictation dysgraphia can be examined from different perspectives, one of them is the cognitive perspective.In second language learning, learners do not have the cognitive base and conceptual information that can facilitate the retention of foreign language words in short-term memory. Therefore, they are not able to perform the necessary mental activities at the same time. Such mental activities include phonetic, morphological, syntactic, and conceptual decoding. Many Persian learners have difficulty to link sound and symbol. They cannot transform the sounds that they hear into letters and words. From a cognitive approach, they may have difficulty with auditory memory. Based on this evidence, it can be concluded that non Persian learners may have difficulty understanding, processing, and memorizing auditory and visual stimuli. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate and analyze the Chinese learners dictation based on cognitive model and to provide appropriate solutions. The target population of this study is Chinese learners at Imam Khomeini International University's Persian Language Learning Center and Chinese learners at Beijing Foreign Language Studies University. This research was be descriptive and analytical based on the cognitive framework. The sample of this research is 30 samples dictation of Chinese learners at the elementary and advanced levels of Imam Khomeini University and 15 samples dictation of Chinese learners of Beijing Foreign Language Studies University.In this research, both the library method has been used for theoretical foundations and the field method has been used to check spelling malfunctions and data analysis.As a result, the present research method is descriptive-analytical. In order to do the research, at first researcher investigated dictation of Chinese learners. Then, their dictation errors were identified based on Dr. Mustafa Tabrizi's Classification of Nine Classes. These errors include training, accuracy, auditory memory, auditory sensitivity, visual memory, visual sequence, visual differentiation, inversion, and mirroring and then extracts and places them in special tables that have been designed for this purpose.Finally, using SPSS software, the obtained results in the relevant table were analyzed and frequency were determined.The accuracy and validity of the research hypotheses were also assessed using descriptive diagrams. At the end, the obtained data were presented as descriptive statistics and strategies for cognitive approach were provided for each type of dictation errors to improve learners' dictation performance. The results show that the highest percentage of dictation errors is educational problem and then auditory memory and then visual memory. Therefore, it can be said that cognitive strategies can be used as a new and attractive method for learners along with other common methods for dictation disorder with regard to individual differences.