ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻮازي ﺑﺮ اﯾﻤﻮﻧﻮﮔﻠﻮﺑﯿﻦ A، ﻟﻨﻔﻮﺳﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺧﻮن و ﻧﻮﺗﺮوﻓﯿﻞﻫﺎ، ﻣﺮور ﻧﻈﺎمﻣﻨﺪ و ﻓﺮا ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ

Effect of Aerobic Training on Immunoglobulin A, Blood Lymphocytes, and Neutrophils: A systematic Review and Meta-analysis

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮاﺗﯽ در ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد و ﺑﺮ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖﻫﺎي وﯾﺮوﺳﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﻨﻔﺴﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻮازي ﺑﺮ ﻟﻨﻔﻮﺳﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺧﻮن، اﯾﻤﻮﻧﻮﮔﻠﻮﺑﯿﻦ A ﺑﺰاق و ﻧﻮﺗﺮوﻓﯿﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﯾﮏ ﻣﺮور ﻧﻈﺎمﻣﻨﺪ و ﻓﺮا ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻮاد و روﺷﻬﺎ: ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎهﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ، MEDLINE/ PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane, Scopus، از ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1900 ﺗﺎ 2020 ﻣﯿﻼدي، ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﻤﺎت ﮐﻠﯿﺪي ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻟﮕﺮي اوﻟﯿﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت و ﺧﺮوج ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﺗﮑﺮاري و ﻧﺎﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ، در ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ورود ﺑﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. 262 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه، 11 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ورود ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮور ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ و ﻓﺮاﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ را ﮐﺴﺐ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس 812 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﮔﺮوه ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺗﻌﺪاد 401 و 411 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻣﯽﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﮔﺮوه ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﻮازي و ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل در ﻣﯿﺰان اﯾﻤﻮﻧﻮﮔﻠﻮﺑﯿﻦ A ﺑﺰاق )0/38=Z ,0/55 0/37-=P=0/71 , SE=0/23 , V=0/06 ,CI(، ﻟﻨﻔﻮﺳﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺧﻮن )0/98=V=0/01 ,CI=-0/11 0/32, Z , 0/11 , =P=0/33SE(، ﻧﻮﺗﺮوﻓﯿﻞﻫﺎ )1/61-=P=0/11 , SE=0/15 , V=0/02 ,CI=-0/55 0/05, Z( و ﺗﻌﺪاد روزﻫﺎي اﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖﻫﺎي وﯾﺮوس )0/96-=P=0/33 , SE=0/21 , V=0/04 ,CI=-0/61 0/21, Z( اﺧﺘﻼﻓﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ و ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻮازي ﺑﺮ ﻟﻨﻔﻮﺳﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺧﻮن، اﯾﻤﻮﻧﻮﮔﻠﻮﺑﯿﻦ A ﺑﺰاق و ﻧﻮﺗﺮوﻓﯿﻞﻫﺎ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت و ﺷﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﺴﯿﺎر اﻧﺪك ﺑﻮد و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪن ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ ﻟﻨﻔﻮﺳﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺧﻮن، اﯾﻤﻮﻧﻮﮔﻠﻮﺑﯿﻦ A ﺑﺰاق و ﻧﻮﺗﺮوﻓﯿﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﻮازي، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﺎ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ و ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﻧﯿﺎز اﺳﺖ.

Background and Purpose: The results of several studies suggest that suggest that physical activity causes changes in immune system indicators and affects viral infections of the respiratory tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise on blood lymphocytes, salivary immunoglobulin A and neutrophils as a systematic and meta-analysis. Methodology: The databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane and Scopus were searched with keywords from 1900 to 2020 AD. After the initial screening, the full text of the articles was evaluated and the articles that were included in the research criteria were analyzed. 260 articles were found, and among the articles reviewed, 11 articles were the criteria for systematic and meta-analysis. Accordingly, 812 people were divided into two control groups and 401 and 411 experimental groups, respectively. Results: The results showed that between the two groups of aerobic activity and control group in salivary immunoglobulin A levels (P = 0.71, SE = 0.23, V = 0.06, CI = -0.37 0.55 Z = 0.38), blood lymphocytes (P = 0.33, SE = 0.11, V = 0.01, CI = -0.11 0.32 Z = 0.98), neutrophils (P = 0.11, SE = 0.15, V = 0.02, CI = -0.55 0.05 Z = -1.61) and the number of days infected with the virus (P = 0.33, SE = 0.21, V = 0.04, CI = -0.61 0.21 Z = -0.96) There was no difference between physical activity group and control group. Conclusion: The results of the present meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the control group and the aerobic training group on blood lymphocytes, salivary immunoglobulin A and neutrophils. Given that, the number of studies and participants was very small and the quality of studies was relatively poor. It appears to be necessary to determine the association between blood lymphocytes, salivary immunoglobulin A, and neutrophils with aerobic activity, higher quality studies, and larger sample size.