ميزان شيوع آلودگي مراكز تكثير و پرورش مزارع قزل‌آلا رنگين‌كمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ايران به ويروس سپتي سمي خونريزي دهنده ويروسي (VHS) و نكروز عفوني بافت‌هاي خون‌ساز (IHN) بر اساس برنامه ملي مراقبت سازمان دامپزشكي كشور ايران

Prevalence of Infections of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Breeding Centers in Iran with Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) and Hematologic Infectious Infectious Necrosis (IHN) according to National Veterinary Organization of Iran

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﻮع و ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻫﺎي وﯾﺮوﺳﯽ ﺳﭙﺘﯽ ﺳﻤﯽ ﺧﻮﻧﺮﯾﺰي دﻫﻨﺪه وﯾﺮوﺳﯽ )VHS( و ﻧﮑﺮوز ﻋﻔﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮن ﺳﺎز )IHN( در ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻗﺰل آﻻ رﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﮐﻤﺎن )Oncorhynchus mykiss( ﮐﺸﻮر و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻠﯽ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ در ﮐﺸﻮر اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﮐﻪ در دو ﻓﺎز زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ و ﺑﻬﺎره ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ، از ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ، ﺗﻔﺮﯾﺦ و ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻗﺰل آﻻي ﮐﺸﻮر، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﺧﺬﺷﺪه ﻣﻮرد آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽReal- Time PCR ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه اﺑﺘﺪا در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار Excel واردﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آﻣﺎري ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه، ﺷﯿﻮع ردﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري VHS، در ﻧﯿﻤﻪ دوم ﺳﺎل 96، در ﻣﺰارع ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ و ﺗﻔﺮﯾﺦ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي )4/54%(، ﮐﻬﮕﯿﻠﻮﯾﻪ و ﺑﻮﯾﺮ اﺣﻤﺪ )3/5%( و ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل ﺑﺨﺘﯿﺎري )2/04%( و در ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻪ اول ﺳﺎل 97، اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي اردﺑﯿﻞ )16/66%(، زﻧﺠﺎن )15/38%( و ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران )2/56%( ﺷﯿﻮع داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﮐﻞ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺷﯿﻮع ردﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري در ﻧﯿﻤﻪ دوم ﺳﺎل 96، 0/86% و در ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻪ اول ﺳﺎل 97، 1/15% ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﻮرد ﺑﯿﻤﺎري IHN، ﺷﯿﻮع ردﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري در ﻧﯿﻤﻪ دوم ﺳﺎل 96 در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ و ﺗﻔﺮﯾﺦ، در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل ﺑﺨﺘﯿﺎري )4/081%( و ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران )2/56%( ﺑﻮده و در ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻪ اول ﺳﺎل 97 در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻗﺰوﯾﻦ )7/4%( و ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران )2/56%( ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در ﮐﻞ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺷﯿﻮع ردﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري در ﻧﯿﻤﻪ دوم ﺳﺎل 96، 0/86% و در ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻪ اول ﺳﺎل 97، 95/. % ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻫﺎ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺶ ﮔﯿﺮي و ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶﺧﺴﺎرت ﻣﻬﻢ و ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ

The aim of this study is determination the prevalence and geographical distribution of viral haemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by national annual surveillance program. In this study, data was conducted in two phases of winter and spring, sampling was carried out from all centers of breeding, hatching and rearing of trout in Iran. The data were entered into Excel software and analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that the prevalence of VHS in the autumn and winter of 2017 and 2018 was 96% in Khorasan Razavi (4.54%), Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces (3.5%) and Chaharmahal Bakhtiari (2.04%). In the spring of 2018, the prevalence of VHS were about 16.66 % in the Ardebil , 15.38% in the Zanjan and 2.56% in the Mazandaran . In the whole country the prevalence of disease in the autumn and winter of 2017 and 2018 was 0.86% and in the the spring of 2018 was 97.1%. About IHN , the prevalence of disease in the autumn and winter of 2017 and 2018 was 96% in the centers of reproduction and hatching in the provinces of Chaharmahal Bakhtiari (4.081%) and Mazandaran (2.56%). Also, the prevalence of IHN in the the spring of 2018 were about (7. 4%) in the Qazvin and (2.56%) in the Mazandaran . In the whole country the prevalence of disease in the autumn and winter of 2017 and 2018, was 0.86% and in the the spring of 2018, was 0.95%. Considering the prevalence of diseases and the economic importance of these diseases, it is important to consider the methods of prevention and promotion of the biological safety conditions of the centers in order to provide healthy fish for the reduction of damage.