اثرات برگ زيتون و پونه بر عملكرد، فراسنجه هاي خوني و جمعيت ميكروبي ايلئومي در جوجه هاي گوشتي

The effect of olive leaf and oregano powder on performance, blood parameters and ileal microflora of broiler chickens

زﯾﺘﻮن درﺧﺘﯽ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺑﺎ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺿﺪ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺜﺒﺘﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻠﻮر ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻮارش دارد. از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ، ﭘﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ داراي وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ دو ﮔﯿﺎه، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮات ﭘﻮدر ﺑﺮگ زﯾﺘﻮن و ﭘﻮدر ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، ﻓﺮاﺳﻨﺠﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﻮﻧﯽ و ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ اﯾﻠﺌﻮم در ﺟﻮﺟﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﺷﺘﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از 400 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ي ﮔﻮﺷﺘﯽ ﯾﮏ روزه ي ﺳﻮﯾﻪ ﮐﺎب 500 در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر، ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار و 20 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. از ﺳﻦ ﻫﺸﺖ روزﮔﯽ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﯾﺎن دوره ﭘﺮورش )42 روزﮔﯽ(، ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺟﯿﺮه ﻫﺎي زﯾﺮ ﺧﻮراكدﻫﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ: 1- ﺟﯿﺮه ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﺪون اﻓﺰودﻧﯽ )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ( 2- ﺟﯿﺮه ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮاه 50 ﮔﺮم در ﺗﻦ آﻧﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ ارﯾﺘﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ 3- ﺟﯿﺮه داراي 0/5 درﺻﺪ ﭘﻮدر ﺑﺮگ زﯾﺘﻮن 4- ﺟﯿﺮه داراي 0/5 درﺻﺪ ﭘﻮﻧﻪ 5- ﺟﯿﺮه داراي 0/5 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻣﺴﺎوي ﭘﻮﻧﻪ و ﺑﺮگ زﯾﺘﻮن. ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ و ﭘﺮورﺷﯽ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎ در ﻃﻮل دوره ﭘﺮورش ﯾﮑﺴﺎن ﺑﻮد. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن دوره ﭘﺮورش )42 روزﮔﯽ(، از ﻫﺮ ﺗﮑﺮار دو ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ) 8 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ از ﻫﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر( ﺑﻄﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﮐﺸﺘﺎر ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. دادﻫﺎي ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ SAS ﺑﺎ آزﻣﻮن ﭼﻨﺪ داﻣﻨﻪ اي داﻧﮑﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ اﻓﺰودن 0/5 درﺻﺪ ﭘﻮدر ﺑﺮگ زﯾﺘﻮن، ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﭘﻮﻧﻪ و زﯾﺘﻮن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ آﻧﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ، ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ را در دوره ﻫﺸﺖ ﺗﺎ 21 روزﮔﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﻬﺒﻮد داد )p<0/05(، اﻣﺎ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي )ﻣﺼﺮف ﺧﻮراك، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ وزن ﺑﺪن و ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ( ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﺎ در دوره ﻫﺸﺖ ﺗﺎ 42 روزﮔﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان HDL ﺧﻮن در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺮگ زﯾﺘﻮن و ﻣﺨﻠﻮط زﯾﺘﻮن و ﭘﻮﻧﻪ و ﮐﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ آن در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﭘﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ )p<0/05(. ﻫﻤﻪي اﻓﺰودﻧﯽﻫﺎ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻻﮐﺘﻮﺑﺎﺳﯿﻠﻮس ﻫﺎي اﯾﻠﺌﻮم را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ و ﺷﻤﺎر اﺷﺮﯾﺸﯿﺎﮐﻮﻻي را در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ دادﻧﺪ )p<0/05(. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻓﺰودن ﭘﻮﻧﻪ و ﺑﺮگ زﯾﺘﻮن ﺑﻪ ﺟﯿﺮه ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﻮﻧﯽ و ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ اﯾﻠﺌﻮم ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﺷﺘﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪي ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ

Olive is an evergreen tree with antibacterial properties and showed beneficial effects on the microbial flora of the digestive tract. Also, oregano plant with antioxidant properties can improve the feed conversion ratio. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of olive leaf and oregano powder on performance, blood parameters and ileal bacteria population of broiler chickens. A total number of 400 male and female Cobb 500 broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates and 20 chicks per each were used. Birds were kept under same condition during the first week of rearing period. From 8 days of age until the end of rearing period, each of experimental groups was fed with one of the following diets: 1- basal diet without additive (control) 2- diet containing 50 g/ton erythromycin 3- diet containing 0. 5% olive leaf 4- diet containing 0. 5% oregano 5- diet containing 0. 5% mixture of olive leaf and oregano. The management conditions of all groups were the same throughout the breeding period. At the end of the experiment (42 days), two chicks of each replicates were selected and slaughtered. Statistical evaluation was performed using SAS program. The results indicated that although supplementation with olive leaf, mixture of olive leaf and oregano as well as antibiotic significantly improved feed conversion ratio during 8-21 days of age compared to control group, but performance parameters (feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio) of broilers during 8 to 42 days of age were significantly not influenced by experimental treatments. The highest and the lowest levels of blood HDL were observed in olive leaf and mixture of olive leaf and oregano and oregano groups, respectively (p<0. 05). All additives significantly increased ileum lactobacillus and decreased E. coli count compared to the control group (p<0. 05). In conclusion, the results showed that dietary addition of oregano and olive leaf can beneficially influence some blood parameters and also ileal bacteria of broilers