بررسي و تبيين عوامل مؤثر بر كارآفريني منابع انساني در شركت‌هاي كوچك و متوسط منطقه آزاد چابهار

Investigating and Explaining Factors Affecting Human Resource Entrepreneurship in Small and Medium Enterprises of Chabahar Free Zone

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ در ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭼﮏ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ آزاد ﭼﺎﺑﻬﺎر ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي- ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪاي و از ﻧﻈﺮ روش، آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ )ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﮐﻤﯽ( اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و ﻧﻈﺮﺳﻨﺠﯽ از ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺪه دادهﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭼﮏ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ آزاد ﭼﺎﺑﻬﺎر در ﺳﺎل 98 ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 190 ﻧﻔﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺪول ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان 127 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ )0/880( ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪه، از آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﺳﻄﺢ آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ از ﺟﺪاول ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ، درﺻﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه و در ﺳﻄﺢ آﻣﺎر اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ، ﭘﺲ از ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﺆاﻻت ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از آزﻣﻮن ﺗﯽ ﺗﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آﻣﺎري ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار 23 spss اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ: ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ در ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭼﮏ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ آزاد ﭼﺎﺑﻬﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 3/0712 از وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ از ﻣﯿﺎن ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 3/314 از وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮبﺗﺮي برخوردار مي باشد

The purpose of this study is applied and descriptive-correlative in nature and method and has investigated and explained the factors affecting human resource entrepreneurship in small and medium enterprises SME of Chabahar Free Zone Organization.The statistical population in this study is all employees of small and medium sized companies of Chabahar Free Zone Organization in year 2019 which is 190 persons. Using Cochran formula, 127 people were randomly selected and participated in this study. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure five variables (economic, social, cultural, laws and government and political system). Reliability of the questionnaire was determined using Cronbach's alpha and its validity was determined by convergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques have been used to answer the research hypotheses using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of structural equations show that all factors have positive and significant effect on human resource entrepreneurship. The coefficient of determination (R2) indicates that all five variables of cultural, economic, governmental and political, social system and laws and regulations explained 0.782 of the variations of human resource entrepreneurship variables. Regarding beta value, social factors had the highest share (0.349) and laws and regulations had the least effect (0.122).