اثر جيره‌هاي غذايي حاوي سطوح مختلف كنجاله سويا و مولتي‌آنزيم كمين بر عملكرد رشد، تركيب‌لاشه و باكتري‌هاي اسيدلاكتيك روده فيل‌ماهيان جوان (Huso huso)

Effect of diets with different levels of soybean meal and Kemin multi-enzyme on growth performance, body composition, and gut lactic acid bacteria of juvenile Beluga (Huso huso)

در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﭘﻮدر ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد رﺷﺪ، ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻻﺷﻪ و ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫﺎي اﺳﯿﺪ ﻻﮐﺘﯿﮏ روده ﻓﯿﻞﻣﺎﻫﯽ )H. huso( ﺟﻮان ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺑﺎ 9 ﺟﯿﺮه )%40 ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﺧﺎم( ﮐﻪ در آن ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﮐﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ ﺑﺎ آرد ﻣﺎﻫﯽ 0% )ﮐﻨﺘﺮل(، %40 و 80% ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻮﻟﺘﯽ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ اﻓﺰوده ﺷﺪه 0/01 ،0% و 0/02% ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪﻣﺪت 12 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﻓﺰودن ﭘﻮدر ﺳﻮﯾﺎ در ﺟﯿﺮه ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ رﺷﺪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮريﮐﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ 80% ﮐﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ ﺑﺎ آرد ﻣﺎﻫﯽ داراي ﮐﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ وزن ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ و ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﺪون ﮐﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ )2 ﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم( ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ وزن ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ و ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﻬﺘﺮي ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 40% ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﭘﻮدر ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺷﺪ، اﯾﺠﺎد ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد رﺷﺪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ وﺟﻮد، ﺗﻔﺎوت ﺑﯿﻦ وزن ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن در ﺟﯿﺮهﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺒﻮد. ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺟﯿﺮهﻫﺎي اﻓﺰوده ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ 0 و 40 درﺻﺪ ﭘﻮدر ﺳﻮﯾﺎ ﺣﺎوي 2 ﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم آﻧﺰﯾﻢ داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﻻﺷﻪ ﺑﻮدهاﻧﺪ. ﻣﻘﺪار ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﻻﺷﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺑﯿﻦ 11/08 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺎ 11/74 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮده و ﺗﻔﺎوت ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﭘﺮوﻓﯿﻞ اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب ﻻﺷﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺟﯿﺮه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي آﻧﺰﯾﻢ )ﺑﺪون اﻓﺰودن ﺳﻮﯾﺎ( و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎره 4 و 5 )ﺣﺎوي 0 و 1 ﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم آﻧ ﺰﯾﻢ و 40% ﺳﻮﯾﺎ( داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب اﻣﮕﺎ-3 و اﯾﮑﻮزاﭘﻨﺘﺎﻧﻮﺋﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﺟﯿﺮه ﺣﺎوي 80% ﺳﻮﯾﺎ ﺑﺪون اﻓﺰودن آﻧﺰﯾﻢ داراي ﮐﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب اﻣﮕﺎ-3، اﮐﻮزا ﭘﻨﺘﺎﻧﻮﯾﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ و دﮐﻮزا ﻫﮕﺰاﻧﻮﯾﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﺟﯿﺮهﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫﺎي ﻻﮐﺘﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮسﻻﮐﺘﯿﺲ، ﻻﮐﺘﻮﺑﺎﺳﯿﻠﻮسﮐﺎرواﺗﻮس، ﻻﮐﺘﻮﺑﺎﺳﯿﻠﻮس ﭘﻼﻧﺘﺎروم، ﭘﺪﯾﮑﻮﮐﻮس ﭘﻨﺘﺎﺳﺎﺳﺌﻮس، ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫﺎي ﻫﻮازي و ﺑﯽﻫﻮازي ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫﺎي ﯾﺎدﺷﺪه در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺣﺎوي 80% ﭘﻮدر ﺳﻮﯾﺎ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﭘﻮدر ﻣﺎﻫﯽ و 2 ﮔﺮم آﻧﺰﯾﻢ در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم اﺗﻔﺎق اﻓﺘﺎد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮐﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮاه ﻣﮑﻤﻞ آﻧﺰﯾﻤﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ 2 ﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ %40 ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﭘﻮدر ﻣﺎﻫﯽ در ﺟﯿﺮه ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻓﯿﻞﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﭘﺮورﺷﯽ ﮔﺮدد.

In this study, the effects of replacing fish meal with soybean meal on growth performance, feed efficiency, body composition, fatty acid profile and gut lactic acid bacteria of beluga sturgeon, Huso huso. Nine diets were formulated (40% crude protein) in which soybean meal was replaced by fish meal at 0 (control), 40 and 80% supplemented and with three multi-enzyme level 0, 1 or 2 g/kg of Kemin multi-enzyme. Fish were fed on experimental diets for 12 weeks at 1% body weight. Addition of soybean meal decreased growth performance and the effect was more pronounced when with increasing levels of soybean meal (P<0.05) and minimum final weight occurred at 80% of fish meal replaced by soybean meal. Body fatty acid composition was affected by dietary treatments. Fish fed the control diet; diets with enzyme supplementation (without the addition of soybean meal) as well as diets 4 and 5 (40% soybean meal; 0 or 1 g/kg enzyme) had the highest n-3 and eicosapentaenoic acid. In contrast, soybean meal at an inclusion level over 40% negatively influenced n-3 fatty acid. The lowest content of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and n-3 fatty acid was observed in fish fed diets with 80% soybean meal without the inclusion of enzyme (treatment 7). Addition of soybean meal at both 40 and 80% replacement level regardless of enzyme supplementation increased the number of gut Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus carvatus, Pediococcus pentaseceous, Lactobacillus plantarum, total aerobic counts and total anaerobic counts. The highest number of bacterial counts occurred in diet containing 80% soybean meal with 2 g/kg enzyme (treatment 9) (P<0.05). The results of this study indicated that soybean meal with enzyme supplementation at 2 g/kg can substitute 40% for fish meal in commercial diets of great sturgeon.