بررﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ داروي اﯾﻨﺪوﻣﺘﺎﺳﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﺮس اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﺗﯿﻮ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﭙﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 در ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﺖ ﮐﺸﻨﺪه

Effect of indomethacin on the oxidative stress of Cyprinus carpio using of biomarkers

در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ، داروﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان آﻻﯾﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﻇﻬﻮر و ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ داروي اﯾﻨﺪوﻣﺘﺎﺳﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺮس اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﺗﯿﻮ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﭙﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ )C. carpio( ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ LC50، ﻣﺎﻫﯽﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ وزﻧﯽ )3±5( در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ از داروي اﯾﻨﺪوﻣﺘﺎﺳﯿﻦ )400 ،250 ،150 ،100 ،60 ،30 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ( ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺗﻠﻔﺎت روزاﻧﻪ ﻃﯽ 96 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آوردن ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺗﺤﺖﮐﺸﻨﺪه 96 ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻪ اﯾﻦ دارو، ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﺻﻔﺮ، 0/1، 0/05، 0/02، 0/01 ﻣﯿﺰان LC50 96 ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 1 )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ(، 2 )mg/l) 5 ،(6/6 mg/l) 4 ،(6/4mg/l) 3 ،(32/8 mg/l 3 (3/3 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﻃﯽ ﻣﺪت 28 روز ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ و در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي دورهي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺮس اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﺗﯿﻮ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻز CAT)(، ﮔﻠﻮﺗﺎﺗﯿﻮن ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪاز GPX)( و ﻣﺎﻟﻮنديآﻟﺪﺋﯿﺪ MDA)( در ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺒﺪ و آﺑﺸﺶ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺪه، اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﻤﯿﺖ ﮐﺸﻨﺪه )LC50( اﯾﻨﺪوﻣﺘﺎﺳﯿﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﭙﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ mg/l 328/49 ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ GPX در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ آﺑﺸﺶ و ﮐﺒﺪ در ﻫﻤﻪي ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ. ﻣﯿﺰان MDA در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺒﺪ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي 4 و 5 و در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ آﺑﺸﺶ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي 3 و 4 اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ CAT در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺒﺪ و آﺑﺸﺶ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي 4 و 5 در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري داﺷﺖ. اﯾﻨﺪوﻣﺘﺎﺳﯿﻦ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﮐﺴﯿﮋن ﻓﻌﺎل، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﺳﯿﻮن ﭼﺮﺑﯽ را ﺑﻪدﻧﺒﺎل دارد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد اﺳﺘﺮس ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺒﺪ و آﺑﺸﺶ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﺳﺒﺐ اﻟﻘﺎء ﭘﺎﺳﺦ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي آﻧﺰﯾﻢﻫﺎي آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﯽدارد ﮐﻪ داروي اﯾﻨﺪوﻣﺘﺎﺳﯿﻦ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ آﺑﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و ﺳﻼﻣﺘﯽ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺟﺪي ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ.

In recent years, drugs have been identified as newly emerging and threatening the aquatic and terrestrial environments. Accordingly, in this study, the effect of indomethacin on oxidative stress in Cyprinus carpio was investigated. In order to determine the LC50, the fishes were exposed to various concentrations of indomethacin and daily losses were recorded during hours. In the next step, the fishes were exposed to various concentrations of indomethacin in five treatments including T1 (control), T2 (0.01 mg), T3 (0.02 mg), T4 (0.05 mg), T5 (0.1 mg) for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the liver and gill tissues treated fishes.the lethal toxicity (LC50) of indomethacin was obtained for carp (328.49 mg/l). GPX enzyme activity in gill and liver tissue in all treatments increased significantly in compared to the control group (p<0.05). MDA levels in liver tissue in T4 and T5 groups and gill tissue in T3 and T4 groups showed a significant increase in compared to the control group (p<0.05). Also, CAT activity in liver and gill tissue in T4 and T5 groups was increased significantly in compared to the control group (p<0.05).The results of this study demonstrated that presence indomethacin in an aqueous environment can influence the antioxidant status and health of the fishes.