اثر مكمل سازي جيره با اسيدهاي آمينه ال-پرولين و ال-آلانين بر ايمني، شاخص هاي خون شناسي و بازماندگي در مواجهه با تنش شوري در ماهي كپور معمولي (Cyprinus carpio)

Effect of dietary supplementation with L-proline and L-alanine amino acids on immunity, hematological and survival in the face of salinity stress in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي آﻣﯿﻨﻪ آزاد در ﺟﯿﺮه ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در رﻓﺘﺎر ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﻣﺼﺮف و ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻏﺬا را در ﭘﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮات ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺳﯿﺪ آﻣﯿﻨﻪ ال-ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ و ال-آﻻﻧﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮنﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﺑﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري در ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﭙﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﺪاد 450 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﭙﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ وزن ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ )14±0/2 ﮔﺮم( ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در 30 ﻣﺨﺰن 300 ﻟﯿﺘﺮي ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 60 روز ﺑﺎ 10 ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ )ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، ﺳﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ )1 ،0/5 و 1/5 درﺻﺪ(، ﺳﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر آﻻﻧﯿﻦ )1 ،0/5 و 1/5 درﺻﺪ ( و ﺳﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ )0/25+0/25، 0/75+0/75 ،0/5+0/5 درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ-آﻻﻧﯿﻦ( ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري، در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي دوره ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﯾﮏ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺷﻮري ppt 15 ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﮔﻠﺒﻮل ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺧﻮن در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ 0/75+0/75 ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ-آﻻﻧﯿﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 0/5 و 1 درﺻﺪ آﻻﻧﯿﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري را ﻧﺸﺎن داد )0.05p(. ﻣﻘﺪار MCH در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 1 درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ در ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ 0/75+0/75 ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ-آﻻﻧﯿﻦ داﺷﺖ )0.05

The use of free amino acids in fish diets typically results in a change in dietary behavior and more feed intake. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of different levels of amino acids L-Proline and L-Alanine on common carp. For this purpose, 450 number of juvenile common carp with an average weight of 14±0.2 g were randomly distributed in 30 tanks 300 liter equipped with aeration system. Fish for 60 day were fed with 10 treatments dietary includes three levels of proline (0.5, 1 and 1.5 %), three levels of alanine (0.5, 1 and 1.5 %), three levels of proline-alanine combination (0.5, 1 and 1.5 %) and basal diet (control). Blood samples were taken at the end of the period. At the end of the period, the treatments were exposed to 15 ppt salinity at the end of the period to evaluate the resistance of the fish to salinity stress. The highest amount of erythrocytes was observed in the combination treatment 0.75 + 0.75 proline-alanine, but there was no significant difference with other combination treatments and 1.5% alanine treatment but with other treatments, especially the control treatment showed a significant difference. White blood cell count was the highest in the combination and control treatments, which was significantly different from the other treatments. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, lysozyme, immunoglobulin, total protein and liver enzymes (ALP, AST and ALT) were not significantly different among all treatments. MCH was highest in 1% proline treatment which had significant difference with combination treatment 0.75 + 0.75 + proline-alanine but did not show any significant difference with other treatments. MCV value in combination treatment 0.75 + 0.75 + proline-alanine was significantly different from other treatments. Also, MCHC values ​​were not significantly different among all treatments. The highest amount of lymphocytes was observed in the combination treatment 0.5 + 0.5 and 0.75 + 0.75 + proline-alanine which was significantly different from other treatments, especially control treatment. The highest amount of neutrophils was observed in 1% proline treatment and the lowest value was in combination treatments (without significant difference) which were significantly different from other treatments. There was also a significant difference in the amount of monocytes and eosinophil between treatments. The highest survival rates were 58.60 ± 1.46 and 53.84 ± 4.41 in combination treatment 0.75 + 0.75 and 0.5 + 0.5 proline-alanine, respectively. Finally, it can be said that there is a significant difference in some of the results, it seems that the two amino acids L-proline and L-alanine at the combined level of 0.5 + 0.5% can be effective in improving hematological and survival parameters in juvenile cyprinus carpio.