تأثير باكتري هاي محلول كننده فسفات بر رشد و وضعيت تغذيه اي نونهال هاي بلوط

The effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on growth and nutritional status of oak seedlings

در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ از وﺳﻌﺖ روﻳﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺑﻠﻮط ﺑﺪﻻﻳﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه ﻟﺰوم اﺣﻴﺎي روﻳﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐﺷﺪه آن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻬﺎﻟﻜﺎري ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮات ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮيﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻓﺴﻔﺎت ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪه از ﺧﺎك ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ روﻳﺸﻲ زاﮔﺮس ﺑﺮ زﻧﺪهﻣﺎﻧﻲ، رﺷﺪ و وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﭘﺮﻣﺼﺮف و ﻛﻢﻣﺼﺮف دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮودار و ويول ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮيﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻓﺴﻔﺎت از ﺧﺎك ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ رﻳﺰوﺳﻔﺮي درﺧﺘﺎن ﺑﺮودار و ويول در اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﺎران اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺎﻳﻪزﻧﻲ در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻳﻞ و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ دو ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻠﻮط )در دو ﺳﻄﺢ( و ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي در ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻄﺢ(، در ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار و 16 ﺑﺬر در ﻫﺮ ﺗﻜﺮار ﻛﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ آﻣﺎري دادهﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﺛﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻠﻮط و ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﺑﺮ زﻧﺪهﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار ﻧﻴﺴﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد اﺛﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻠﻮط ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ، رﺷﺪ ﻗﻄﺮي، درﺻﺪ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮگ، ﻓﺴﻔﺮ رﻳﺸﻪ و ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ، آﻫﻦ و ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ در رﻳﺸﻪ، ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮگ ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻣﻴﺰان رﺷﺪ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ، رﺷﺪ ﻗﻄﺮي، وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﺮگ، ﻓﺴﻔﺮ رﻳﺸﻪ و ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻮم و ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ رﻳﺸﻪ، ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮگ، و آﻫﻦ در ﺑﺮگ ﻧﻮﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي ويول ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻧﻮﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي ﺑﺮودار ﺑﻮد. اﻣﺎ درﺻﺪ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﻣﻴﺰان آﻫﻦ در رﻳﺸﻪ و ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻧﻮﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي ﺑﺮودار ﺑﻴﺶ از ويول ﺑﻮد. اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ، رﺷﺪ ﻗﻄﺮي و وزن ﺧﺸﻚ رﻳﺸﻪ، ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮگ ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار ﺑﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت در ﻧﻮﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس و ﺑﺎﺳﻴﻠﻮس ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻌﻼوه اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي- ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻳﻪ-زﻧﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻓﺴﻔﺮ و آﻫﻦ در اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻣﻴﺰان ﻓﺴﻔﺮ در رﻳﺸﻪ، ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮگ و ﻧﻴﺰ آﻫﻦ در رﻳﺸﻪ و ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻧﻮﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮدﻣﻮﻧﺎس ﻣﺎﻳﻪزﻧﻲ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﻣﺎﻳﻪزﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻴﻠﻮس ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻴﺰان آﻫﻦ در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ اﻧﺪام ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺳﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس و ﺑﺎﺳﻴﻠﻮس در اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار رﺷﺪ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪاي در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮيﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺳﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس و ﺑﺎﺳﻴﻠﻮس ﻛﺎﻧﺪﻳﺪاﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﺣﻴﺎي روﻳﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻠﻮط ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.

The decline of area of oak forest shows the necessity of reclamation of disturbed oak habitats. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on survival,, growth and nutritional status in Quercus brantii Lindl. and Q. libanii Oliv. The collected seeds were sowed after inoculation by phosphate solubilizing bacteria in greenhouse. The experiment was conducted in a factorial based on randomized complete block design with two main factor including oak species and bacteria with three replication and sixteen seeds for each replication. The significant effect of oak species caused higher value of height growth, collar diameter, leaves dry matter percentage, amount of phosphorous in root and shoot and also magnesium, iron and manganese in root, shoot and leaves of Q.libanii seedlings. However, Q. brantii seedlings had more shoot dry matter and iron amount in root and shoots. The significant effect of bacteria and mean comparison indicated higher value of height growth, collar diameter, and root, shoot and leaves dry matter in seedlings which inoculated by Pseudomonas and Bacillus isolates. Mean comparison showed the more value of phosphorous in root, shoot and leaves , and iron of root and shoot in seedlings which inoculated by Pseudomonas isolates. Inoculation by Bacillus isolated increased iron amount in root, shoot and leaves, too. The Pseudomonas and Bacillus had better efficiency in improving growth and nutritional status of oak seedling, making them suitable candidates in rehabilitation of degraded oak habitats.