بررسي تنوع مورفولوژيكي بين جمعيت‌هاي مختلف آويشن‌دنايي (Thymus daenensis Celak.)

Assessment of morphological diversity among different populations of Thymus daenensis Celak.

ﮔﻴﺎه داروﻳﻲ آوﻳﺸﻦ دﻧﺎﻳﻲ )Thymus daenensis Celak( ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﺮه ي ﻧﻌﻨﺎع )Lamiaceae( از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن اﻧﺤﺼﺎري اﻳﺮان ﺑﻮده ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﻪ ي ﻣﻴﺰان اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻴﻤﻮل ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ دارد، ﺷﺎﻳﺎن ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﺳﺖ. ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در راﺳﺘﺎي اﻫﻠﻲ ﺳﺎزي آن اﻣﺮي ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻫﺸﺖ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ از اﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎه از ﺳﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺮﻛﺰي )ﺷﺎزﻧﺪ، ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﺮان ﺑﺎﻻ، ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﺮان ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ، اراك(، ﻫﻤﺪان )ﻣﻼﻳﺮ 1، ﻣﻼﻳﺮ 2 و ﺟﻮزان( و ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن )زاﻏﻪ( در زﻣﺎن ﮔﻠﺪﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و 31 ﺻﻔﺖ ﻛﻤﻲ و ﻛﻴﻔﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ در اﻛﺜﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ. ﺻﻔﺎت ﻛﺮك ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، رﻧﮓ ﻛﺎﺳﻪ، ﻛﺮك ﺑﺮگ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻏﺪد اﺳﺎﻧﺲ دار ﺑﺮگ داراي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎه، ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﻮل و ﻗﻄﺮ ﮔﻞ آذﻳﻦ و ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮگ در ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ زاﻏﻪ ، ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ در ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺷﺎزﻧﺪ، ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻏﺪد اﺳﺎﻧﺲ دار و ﻋﺮض ﺑﺮگ در ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﺮان ﺑﺎﻻ و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻞ در ﮔﻞ آذﻳﻦ در ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻼﻳﺮ 1 دﻳﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺻﻔﺎت اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه، ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ را در ﺳﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ )زاﻏﻪ، ﺷﺎزﻧﺪ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ( ﻗﺮارداد. ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ روﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻳﺎ ژﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﺮ آﻧﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻳﻜﺴﺎن ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ روﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﺣﺬف ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ي ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﺮي در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ دﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ.

Thymus daenensis Celak. belonging to Lamiaceae family, is an endemic medicinal plants of Iran that has been found as a rich source for essential oil and thymol. The evaluation of the morphological traits of different populations of this species is necessary for its domestication. Eight populations of this plant were collected from three provinces of Markazi (Shazand, Khan e miran bala, Khan e miran paien and Arak), Hamedan (Malayer 1, Malayer 2 and Jovzan) and Lorestan (Zaghe) at full flowering period. 31 quantitative and qualitative traits were evaluated. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the populations for most studied traits. The stem cork, calyx color, leaf cork and number of essential oil glands had the highest coefficient of variation among the populations. The maximum length and diameter of inflorescences and leaf length in Zaghe, the highest leaf area in Shazand, the highest number of essential glands and leaf width in Khan e miran bala and the highest number of flowers in inflorescences was observed in Malayer 1 population. Some significant positive and negative correlations were observed between traits. Cluster analysis of populations based on measured traits putted populations in three clusters (Zaghe, Shazand and other populations). In general, the results indicated a high variation among populations, which could be due to habitat conditions or populations genetic. We suggest to repeat such studies to investigate the impact of habitat conditions on morphological traits of this species. This can be helpful for choosing the best population for domestication.