بررسي اثر گونه ي بلوط ايراني (Quercus brantii Lindl.) و زربين (Cupressus sempervirens L. var.horizontahis (Mill.) Gord.) روي خصوصيات فيزيكي و شيميايي خاك در كهگيلويه و بوير احمد

Effect of Quercus brantii Lindl and Cupresss sempervirens L. var.horizontahis on soil physical and chemical properties in Kohgiluyeh and boyerahmad

در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ دو ﺗﻮده ي زرﺑﻴﻦ، ﺑﻠﻮط اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ي ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ي ﺗﻨﮓ ﺳﻮﻟﻚ ﺑﻬﻤﺌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ازﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً زﻳﺎدي داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺎك از ﻫﺮ دو ﺗﻮده ي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ي ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ. 10 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﺗﻮده از ﻋﻤﻖ ﺻﻔﺮﺗﺎ 20 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮي ﺧﺎك در زﻳﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﺎﻳﻪ اﻧﺪاز ﺗﺎج ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺖ. از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ و آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﺎت ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ داﻧﻜﻦ اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎي دو ﺗﻮده ي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ي ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري در وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻇﺎﻫﺮي ﺧﺎك و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري در ﻣﻴﺰان ازت، ﻣﺎده آﻟﻲ، Ec و ﺷﻦ در ﺗﻮده ﺑﻠﻮط اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮده زرﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻳﻦ دو ﺗﻮده در ﻣﻴﺰان ﻓﺴﻔﺮ، ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ،ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ، pH، رس و ﺳﻴﻠﺖ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري را ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ي ﺗﻮده ي ﺑﻠﻮط اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ي ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري در ﻣﻴﺰان ازت، ﻣﺎده آﻟﻲ، ﻓﺴﻔﺮ و ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري در ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ، pH و رس ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ي ﺗﻮده ي زرﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ي ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري را در ﻣﻴﺰان ازت، ﻣﺎده آﻟﻲ، ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ، EC و ﺳﻴﻠﺖ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ و در ﻣﻴﺰان ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ، pH و ﺷﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري را ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻻﺷﻪ رﻳﺰي ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﺎك ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و درﻣﺠﻤﻮع آﺛﺎر ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻲ را ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ و ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﺎك داﺷﺘﻪ و ازاﻳﻦ رو از ﺑﻴﻦ رﻓﺘﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺧﺎك ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد.

In this study, two stands including Cupresss sempervirens L. var.horizontahis, Quercus brantii Lindl trees (with similarity in topographic condition) and one control area were selected in the Tang-e-Sulak forest of Bahmei. We collected 10 soil samples for each stands and the control area. Soils samples were collected in the depth of 0 to 20 cm under the crown of tree species. One-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple comparisons test were used to compare the variables of soil under Cupresss sempervirens L. and Q. brantii trees and the control area. The results show significant increase in soil bulk density and significant deacrease in nitrogen, organic material, EC and sand under Q. brantii trees comparing to Cupresss sempervirens. These two stands showed no significant difference in amounts of phosphorus, potassium, calcium carbonate, pH, clay and silt. Q. brantii stand compared to control area showed a significant increase in nitrogen, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium and a significant decrease in calcium carbonate, pH and clay. These tree species with littering caused changes in some physical and chemical characteristics of the soil and in general have had a positive effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Therefore, their destruction will lead to a decrease in soil quality characteristics.