كليدواژه :
گياهان دارويي , ايران , اتنوبوتاني , تيره شب بو
چكيده فارسي :
در دﻫﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻃﺐ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ روش ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ و اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﻳﻚ، در دﺳﺘﻮر ﻛﺎر اﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي دﻧﻴﺎ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﻳﺮان ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ اﻳﺮان، ﺷﻴﻮه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ در اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﺮاي درﻣﺎن ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻌﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﺎ، اﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﺴﻮﻳﻲ داراي ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ازاﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﻣﺮوري ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه در اﻳﺮان در ﻣﻮرد ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ ﺗﻴﺮه ﺷﺐ ﺑﻮ اﺳﺖ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺟﺴﺖ و ﺟﻮ در ﻛﺘﺐ و ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه در دﻫﻪ اﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. 44 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ 19 ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ دارد. ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎي Alyssum ﺑﺎ 8 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، Brassica ﺑﺎ 5 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ و Sisymbrium ﺑﺎ 4 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ را دارا ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺗﺮوﻓﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ 32 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ )72/72 درﺻﺪ( ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ 25 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ- ﺗﻮراﻧﻲ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ دارد. دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺤﺼﺎري Alyssum bracteatum و A. persicum در وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻢ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻗﺮاردارﻧﺪ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎيDescurainia
Lepidium draba ،sophia وCapsella bursa-pastoris ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ داراي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺼﺮف داروﻳﻲ در اﻳﺮان ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. داﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن اﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﺮه ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﻨﺘﻲ آن ﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از: ﻣﺪر و ﺿﺪ اﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻮت )ﻫﺮﻛﺪام 13 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ(، اﺷﺘﻬﺎ آور )8 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ(، ﺿﺪ ﻳﺒﻮﺳﺖ، ﻣﻠﻴﻦ، ﻛﺮم ﻛﺶ، ﺧﻠﻂ آور، ﺿﺪ روﻣﺎﺗﻴﺴﻢ، داﻓﻊ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ و ﻣﻘﻮي ﺑﺪن ﻫﺮﻛﺪام 7 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ(. درﻣﺠﻤﻮع، ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن دارد ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻋﻤﺪه اﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن درزﻣﻴﻨﻪ درﻣﺎن ﻧﺎراﺣﺘﻲ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ و ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ است
چكيده لاتين :
In recent decades, the use of herbal medicine, as an effective method, has been progressing in most countries including Iran. In the traditional medicine of Iran various methods of using plants for the treatment of diseases are common. This is actually justifiable due to the geographical extent and diversity of vegetation in Iran. This study aimed at evaluating researches conducted in Iran about the medicinal plants of Brassicaceae. Information about this search was conducted in information books and articles published in the last decade. 44 identified plant species belong to 19 genera. The most important medicinal genera are Alyssum (with 8 species), Brassica (with 5 species) and Sisymbrium (4 species). Therophytes (32 species, 72.72%) are the most important life form. The highest geographical distribution belongs to Irano-Turanian region (25%). Two endemic species (Alyssum bracteatum and A. persicum) are in low-risk status. Descurainia sophia, Lepidium draba and Capsella bursa-pastoris were more harvested by Iranians for medicinal purposes, respectively. The most used part of plants in this family is seed, and most local application of them includes: diuretic and anti-scorbutic (13 species), appetizer (8 species), anti-constipation, laxative, vermicide, expectorant, anti-rheumatism, anti-kidney stones, tonic (each one with 7 species). Altogether, the results show that major local application of these plants is in the treatment for digestive and respiratory problems.
