تحريم و ورزش: تحليل اثرگذاري تحريم بر ورزش ايران

Sanctions and Sport: Analysis of the Effect of Sanctions on Iran Sport

ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻢﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻏﯿﺮﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﮐﺎﻻ، ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﯾﺎ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺧﺎص ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮي ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻣﯽﮔﺬارد. ورزش در اﯾﻦ رﻫﮕﺬر از اﯾﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه در ﮐﺸﻮر ﻋﺰﯾﺰﻣﺎن ﻣﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎ ﻧﺒﻮده و ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آﺛﺎر ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ورزش اﯾﺮان ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن و ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮان ﺣﻮزة ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و ورزش در دو ﺑﺨﺶ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﻮد )92 =n(. ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻘﻖﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ رواﯾﯽ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ رﺳﯿﺪ. از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ در ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار Spss و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪي در ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار Amos ﻧﺴﺨﮥ 22 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﭘﻨﺞ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ از ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻢ در ورزش را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﭘﻮﻟﯽ و ﻣﺎﻟﯽ، داﻧﺶ و ﻓﻨﺎوري، ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ، ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪي ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن از رواﯾﯽ ﺳﺎزة اﺑﺰار ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ دارد. ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه ﺑﺪﯾﻬﯽ اﺳﺖ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻻن ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در ﺑﺨﺶ ورزش راﻫﯽ ﺟﺰ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﯾﮋه ﺑﻪ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي اراﺋﻪﺷﺪه در ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼت، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽﺳﺎزي ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮص ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و درآﻣﺪزا در ﺑﺨﺶ ورزش ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ و اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮐﻠﯿﺪي راﻫﮕﺸﺎ در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Economic sanctions mean civilian actions that have undesirable effects on transfer of goods, services or capital to a particular country. Sport is also not an exception in Iran. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of sanctions on Iran sport. This was a field study using a mixed method. The sample included the experts of management and sport (n=92) in qualitative and quantitative phases. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data and its validity and reliability were confirmed. The exploratory factor analysis in SPSS software and confirmatory factor analysis in Amos22 software were used. The results indicated 5 significant factors resulting from sanctions in sport including financial problems, knowledge and technology, international interactions, marketing and economics. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed the construct validity of the questionnaire. Based on the obtained results, it is obvious that authorities should pay special attention to solutions offered in economic sectors, interactions, attention to production and privatization especially the economic and income-generating infrastructures in the sport sector in order to develop sport which could be the key to tackling this issue.