راهكارهاي توسعۀ منابع مالي و درآمدزايي فدراسيون‌هاي ورزشي ايران: يافته‌هاي يك مطالعۀ كيفي

Strategies for Developing Financial Resources and Income of Sports Federations in Iran: Findings of a Qualitative Study

ﻓﺪراﺳﯿﻮنﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﻟﯿﺎن اﻣﺮ ورزش در ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽروﻧﺪ و ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﮑﻔﯽ در ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻫﺪاف ﻓﺪراﺳﯿﻮنﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد و ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و درآﻣﺪزاﯾﯽ ﻓﺪراﺳﯿﻮنﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺪﯾﻦﻣﻨﻈﻮر از روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﮥ آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 47 ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﮥ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮان، ﻣﺪﯾﺮان اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ و اﻋﻀﺎي ﻫﯿﺄت ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﻈﺮي و ﺑﻪ روش ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺑﺮﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﺟﻤﻊآوري دادهﻫﺎ، ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎمﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮان در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺼـﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎ از روش ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗـﻢ ﮐـﻪ در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮔﺴﺘﺮدهاي دارد، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ روش، اﺑﺘﺪا ﻣـﺘﻦ ﻣﺼـﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎ از روي ﺻﻮت ﺿﺒﻂ ﺷﺪه و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از ﺟﻠﺴﮥ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﭘﯿﺎدهﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﯾﺎدداﺷﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪﺷﺪه ﻃﯽ ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ روش ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري در ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ؛ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺰارهﻫﺎي ﮐﻼﻣﯽ، ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎز و ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﻣﺤﻮري ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. 92 ﻧﺸﺎن در ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎز ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ در 20 ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي و ﺷﺪه در راﺳﺘﺎي اﻫﺪاف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ، ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ درآﻣﺪ، ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ و راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎ، ﺻﺮﻓﺎً رﯾﺸﻪ در واﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻓﯽ دوﻟﺖ ﻧﺪارد و ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪهﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺆﺛﺮي در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺎره دارﻧﺪ. ﮐﻤﮏﻫﺎي دوﻟﺖ و ﺣﺎﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺨﺶ اﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ درآﻣﺪ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ، ﺧﻸﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ و ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ، اﻫﻢ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﺻﻼﺣﺎت ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ، ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﮥ راﻫﺒﺮدي و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، رﻋﺎﯾﺖ اﺻﻮل ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ورزﺷﮕﺎهﻫﺎ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽﺷﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﻓﺪراﺳﯿﻮنﻫﺎ، روﯾﮑﺮد راﻫﺒﺮدي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ درآﻣﺪزاﯾﯽ، ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش رﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﮕﺎهﻫﺎ ﺿﺮوري ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ.

Federations are the world's leading sports organizers and a sufficient source of funding plays a significant role in achieving the goals of the federations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status quo and identify strategies for developing financial resources and income generation of sports federations in Iran. For this purpose, a qualitative research method was conducted. the statistical sample included 47 qualitative interviews with experts, executive managers, and faculty members who were selected using the theoretical sampling method and the snowball method. The research instrument for collecting data in this research was basics and scientific documentation and interviews. To analyze the data, including interviews, the theme analysis method, which is widely used in qualitative research, was used. In this method, the interviews were first recorded on the tape and the contents of the interview were implemented and completed using the notes taken during the interviews. Research findings of the coding method in three stages are the determination of verbal statements, open coding, and coding. Ninety-two badges were identified in open coding which was categorized into 20 categories and identified for the purposes of research and data analysis, current income conditions, barriers, and strategies. The study indicated that the categories in the form of strategies are not rooted solely in the dependence of the government's inadequate assistance and the deterrents have an effective role to play in this regard. Government assistance and sponsors are the most significant current source of income, legal vacuum and management role as the major barriers as well as legal reforms, the formulation of a strategic and economic plan, observance of the principles of management, and continuous restoration of the stadiums are identified as the most important solutions in this study. Therefore, due to the lack of financial resources of the federations, the strategic economic approach to the development of income generation may be strengthening and expansion of sports fields in gyms.