شناسايي عوامل مؤثر بر مشاركت مداوم سالمندان در فعاليت‌هاي بدني اوقات فراغت

An Identification of Factors Affecting the Continuous Participation of the Elderly in Physical Activities of Leisure Time

ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﻣﺪاوم ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﺪﻧﯽ اوﻗﺎت ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ و اراﺋﮥ اﻟﮕﻮ ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ورزﺷﯽ و ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻻن ورزش ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﯽ و اوﻗﺎت ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎي اوﻗﺎت ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ در ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﺸﺨﺺ از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺑﺮﻓﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. در روش ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺑﺮﻓﯽ از ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻓﺮادي ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ و ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ، ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، 20 ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ از 18 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. از اﺑﺰار ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊآوري دﯾﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ اوﻗﺎت ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان اﯾﺮان ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.

The aim of this study was to identify and design factors affecting the continuous participation of the elderly in physical activities of leisure time and to provide a model. The statistical population consisted of sport management specialists, authorities of sport for all and leisure time and experts who had research in leisure activities in the elderly. To select interview samples, purposive sampling method and specifically snowball technique were used. In the snowball method, the number of subjects who must participate in the research and interviews is already determined. In this study, 20 interviews were conducted for 18 subjects. Interview was used to collect the viewpoints of the scientific and executive experts. The results showed that personal factors, structural factors, facilities factors and sociocultural and economic factors were the most important ones affecting the leisure time of the elderly in Iran.