پديد آورندگان :
قوستا، يوبرت دانشگاه اروميه - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه گياهپزشكي , عزيزي، رازميگ دانشگاه اروميه - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه گياهپزشكي , پورصفر، عليرضا دانشگاه تهران - پرديس كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي - گروه گياهپزشكي
كليدواژه :
تاكسونومي , ريخت شناسي , تجزيه و تحليل تبارشناختي , سينماتا , قارچ
چكيده فارسي :
ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن اﺻﻠﻲ اﺟﺰا ء ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه ي ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ و ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﻲ، در ﺑﺎزﭼﺮﺧﻪ ي ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ در ﺗﻤﺎم زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ اﺳﺎﺳﻲ دارﻧﺪ. آن ﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﻫﺎي ﺧﺴﺎرت زا در ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن و ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت، ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻫﻤﺰﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻴﻒ وﺳﻴﻌﻲ از ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ي ﮔﺴﺘﺮده در ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ، داروﻳﻲ و زﻳﺴﺖ ﻓﻦ آوري و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ي ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﻲ و زﻳﺴﺖ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ آﻟﻮده داراي اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر زﻳﺎدي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد زﻧﺪﮔﻲ اﻧﺴﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ درﺳﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺎرﭼﻲ اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎ از ﺑﺴﺘﺮه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﻮع ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻏﺪه ﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺳﻴﺪه ي ﺳﻴﺐ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ، ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻜﻴﺪه ي درﺧﺘﺎن ﺳﻴﺐ، ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎي ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﺎن ﭼﻨﺎر، زﺑﺎن ﮔﻨﺠﺸﻚ و ﺳﻴﺐ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎي ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اروﻣﻴﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺗﻌﺪاد 25 ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ از ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ي اﻧﺪام ﺑﺎردﻫﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﺟﻨﺴﻲ از ﻧﻮع ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎﺗﺎ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي و ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ اﻳﻦ ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي رﻳﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ اﻧﺪام ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎردﻫﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ژﻧﻮﻣﻲ ITS-rDNA و -β tubulin ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺲ Cephalotrichum و ITS-rDNA و rpb2 ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺲ Volutella اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ Cephalotrichum asperulum (J.E. Wright & S. ،Volutella citrinella (Cooke & Massee) Seifert Marchand) Sandoval-Denis, Guarro & Gené و Cephalotrichum nanum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Volutella citrinella از ﻏﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺐ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ داراي ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ و ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺲ Cephalotrichum از ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻜﻴﺪه و ﻳﺎ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪﮔﺎن،ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﻮﺗﺎي ﻗﺎرﭼﻲ اﻳﺮان ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻮده و ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ آن ﻫﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
Fungi, as the dominant decomposers of plant and animal debris have vital roles in recycling of nutrients in all ecosystems. They, because of causing economically important diseases in plants and animals, formation of symbiotic interactions with a wide array of organisms, their widespread uses in food and pharmaceutical industries, biotechnology, production of biofuels and bioremediation in polluted areas, are of great importance. Using of fungal capabilities for improvement of human life, requires their isolation and accurate identification at species level. In this study, the species diversity of fungi from diverse substrates, including rotted potato tubers, dried shoots of apple trees, leaf debris of apple, ash and sycamore and stem debris of reed plants collected from different locations of Urmia, West Azarbaijan province, were evaluated. 25 isolates with synnematous asexual fruiting bodies were isolated and purified. Identification of the isolates was done based on the combination of morphological characteristics of asexual fruiting bodies as well as sequences obtained from ITS-rDNA and β-tubulin genomic regions for Cephalotrichum isolates and ITS-rDNA and rpb2 genomic regions for Volutella isolates. Three species Viz.: Cephalotrichum asperulum (J.E. Wright & S. Marchand) Sandoval-Dennis, Guarro & Gené, Cephalotrichum nanum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes and Volutella citrinella (Cooke & Massee) Seifert were identified. Volutella citrinella isolates were isolated from potato tubers with decaying symptoms, while those of Cephalotrichum species were isolated from different plant debris. These species, to the best of our knowledge, are new records to Iran mycobiota and complete description of them is provided here.
