پديد آورندگان :
جعفري، محمدرضا سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي - مركز تحقيقات و آموزش كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي استان ايلام - بخش تحقيقات منابع طبيعي و آبخيزداري , سررشته داري، امير سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي - پژوهشكده حفاظت خاك و آبخيزداري , نوروزي، علي اكبر سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي - پژوهشكده حفاظت خاك و آبخيزداري , حسيني، احمد سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي - مركز تحقيقات و آموزش كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي استان ايلام - بخش تحقيقات منابع طبيعي و آبخيزداري
كليدواژه :
تغيير كاربري , خشكيدگي بلوط , زاگرس مياني , مدل‌هاي Alos و Srtm , واحدهاي فيزيوگرافي
چكيده فارسي :
ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات در ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻏﯿﺮاﺻﻮﻟﯽ از ﯾﮏ ﺳﻮ و وﻗﻮع ﭘﺪﯾﺪه زوال درﺧﺘﯽ در دﻫﻪ اﺧﯿﺮ از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﯽ را ﺑﺮ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي زاﮔﺮس وارد ﮐﺮده و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺸﮑﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﮔﺴﺘﺮه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در اﺳﺘﺎن اﯾﻼم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ازآن ﺟﺎﮐﻪ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ از ﻣﯿﺰان و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ و ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ و ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از اﯾﻦ روﻧﺪ ﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪه ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰان و ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺖ، ﻻزﻣﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ آﺳﺎن ﺑﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و دادهﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ روز و داراي ﺻﺤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﮑﯿﺪﮔﯽ درﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﻠﻮط در واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ )ﺷﯿﺐ، ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﯿﺐ و ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ( و ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ در اﺳﺘﺎن اﯾﻼم اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ.
ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ALOS و SRTM، در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ GIS ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺷﯿﺐ، ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﯿﺐ و ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره اي و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ، ﻻﯾﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه GPS ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ درﺧﺘﺎن ﺧﺸﮑﯿﺪه ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺑﻠﻮط ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ و ﻻﯾﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪاي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در اداﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺷﺪه )ﺷﯿﺐ، ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﯿﺐ، ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ( ﺑﺎ ﻻﯾﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﮑﯿﺪه ﺑﻠﻮط، ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﭘﻬﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﮑﯿﺪﮔﯽ درﺧﺘﯽ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻠﻮط در واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ و ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﺸﮑﯿﺪﮔﯽ درﺧﺘﯽ در واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ )ﺷﯿﺐ، ﺟﻬﺖ و ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ( بيش ترين فراواني ALOS 50 متري نشان داد، بر اساس مدل SRTM 12 متري و ALOS مستخرج از دو منبع داده ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﮑﯿﺪه ﺑﻠﻮط ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮐﻼس ﺷﯿﺐ 20- 10 درﺻﺪ )30 درﺻﺪ( اﺳﺖ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮﻗﯽ ﺑﺎ 18 درﺻﺪ و ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ 1500-2000 ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ 47 درﺻﺪ داراي ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﮑﯿﺪه ﺑﻠﻮط اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺪل SRTM ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﮑﯿﺪه ﺑﻠﻮط ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮐﻼس ﺷﯿﺐ 10-20 درﺻﺪ )30 درﺻﺪ( اﺳﺖ، ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ 20 درﺻﺪ و ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ 1500-2000 ﺑﺎ 47 درﺻﺪ داراي ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﮑﯿﺪه ﺑﻠﻮط اﺳﺖ. در ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﺪل ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮﺑﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﮑﯿﺪه در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ دوم ﻗﺮار دارد. از ﻧﻈﺮ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي اراﺿﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﮑﯿﺪه ﺑﻠﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎن، ﺗﭙﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ وارﯾﺰه اي ﺳﻨﮕﺮﯾﺰه دار و ﻓﻼت ﻫﺎ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺖ.
ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻠﻮط ﺑﺎ ﮐﻼس ﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﺐ در دو ﻣﺪل ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، اﺧﺘﻼﻓﯽ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ؛ اﻣﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﺸﮑﯿﺪﮔﯽ در ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ و ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﯿﺐ در ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﺪل ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎي ﺟﺰﺋﯽ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ، ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺧﺸﮑﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻠﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﺗﻨﮏ )36/5 درﺻﺪ(، ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ )33/9 درﺻﺪ( و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ اﻧﺒﻮه )4/4 درﺻﺪ( ﻗﺮار داﺷﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and Objectives: Changes in vegetation and land use have been unprincipled on the one hand, and the occurrence of tree decay in the last decade, on the other hand, has put additional pressure on the forests of the Zagros, causing significant significant drying of these forests in particular. It is located in Ilam province. Since awareness of the extent and location of deforestation and spatial distribution of areas at risk of destruction and prevention of this growing trend is the concern of planners and managers of the natural resources sector, the need for sustainable management of these valuable resources is easy access to information and data. The day is high. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the distribution of oak tree drying zones in physiographic units (slope, slope direction and elevation classes) as well as land use using geographical information system in this province.
Materials and Methods: In this study, first, using Alos and Srtm elevation models, in the GIS environment, slope information layers were extracted for slope and elevation classes. Then, based on satellite images and field control, the land use layer of the province was prepared. Also, using the GPS device, the position of the dried oak trees was determined and the relevant dotted layer was prepared. Then, by combining the prepared information layers (slope, slope direction, height floors and land use) with the location layer of dried oak areas, the frequency of tree drought zones of oak forests in physiographic and land use units is determined and examined. Took
Results: According to the results, the drought rate of trees in topographic units (slope, slope direction and elevation classes) extracted from two models is also 12 meters and Srtm is 50 meters. Percentage (30%). 18% is for the northeast slope and 47% is for the 2000-1500 m high floor. Also, according to the Srtm model, the highest frequency of dried oak areas is related to the slope class of 10-20% (30%), 20% is related to the northern slope direction and 47% is related to the altitude of 2000-1500 meters. In terms of land units, most of the dried areas of oak trees are located in mountainous areas, hills, pebbled areas and plateaus, respectively.
Conclusion: In general, there is no difference between the percentage distribution of oak drying with slope classes in the two models studied. However, there are slight differences in the height of the floor and the direction of the slope in both models. In terms of forest use, the highest frequency of oak drying is in low (36.5%), medium (33.9%) and high (4.4%) classes, respectively.
