تاثير مصالح و روش هاي ساخت بومي بر كاهش مصرف انرژي در خانه هاي روستايي مناطق جلگه اي گيلان

Effect of Vernacular Materials and Traditional Construction Methods on Energy Consumption Reduction of Rural Houses in Plain Regions of Gilan

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن داراي ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﻏﻨﯽ و ارزش ﻣﻨﺪي اﺳﺖ، ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ و اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎزﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﻼن و ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي آن ﻫﺎ در ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺟﺪﯾﺪ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي در ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﻠﮕﻪ اي ﮔﯿﻼن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و روش ﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﯽ و ﺟﺪﯾﺪ، ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺟﻠﮕﻪ اي ﮔﯿﻼن )ﺷﺮق، ﻏﺮب و ﻣﺮﮐﺰ(، ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ و ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي ﮐﻠﯽ در ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎل در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي رﻓﯿﻌﯽ، اﻣﯿﻨﯽ و ﻣﺤﺘﺸﻢ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ 164/02 ،185/03 ،1176/824ﮐﯿﻠﻮوات ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮ از ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ اﺳﺖ. از ﻣﯿﺎن ﺳﻄﻮح ﻋﻤﻮدي، دﯾﻮارﻫﺎ و از ﻣﯿﺎن ﺳﻄﻮح اﻓﻘﯽ ﮐﻒ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ زﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارت را دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي، ﻣﯿﺰان اﻧﺮژي ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ اي ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮ از ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﯽ ﺷﮑﯿﻠﯽ، دﯾﻮار زﮔﺎﻟﯽ و ﺳﻘﻒ ﮐﻠﻮﺷﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺒﺎدل ﺣﺮارت ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺧﺎرج ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﺮ از ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و روش ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ اﺳﺖ.

Background and Objective: Gilan province has a rich and precious vernacular architecture, which takes place in perfect harmony with nature and local climate. The aim of this study is recognition of solutions of vernacular architecture and applying them in new architecture to reduce energy consumption and thus reduce the adverse effects of built environment on the natural habitat. Method: In order to study the amount of energy consumption in vernacular rural houses of plain areas of Gilan using local and new material and methods, three types of vernacular houses in plain areas of Gilan(East, West and Central) are chosen, and their energy consumption using traditional and new materials are analyzed with simulation method. Findings: Based on simulation results, the amount of energy consumption during a year in Rafiee, Amini and Mohtashamtalab house with local materials is 1176/842, 185/03, 164/02 kw/h less than the amount of energy consumption with new materials. Discussion and Conclusion: Simulation results show that the amount of energy consumption in rural houses with local materials is significantly less than energy consumption using new materials. It shows that performance of Shakili foundation, Zegaly wall and Klushy roof in terms of the amount of heat exchange with the environment is more favorable than new materials and techniques.