بررسي وضعيت كيفي حوزه آبريز گدارچاي اروميه با استفاده از شاخص كيفيت منابع آب ايران و مدل آسيب پذيري راستيك

Study of Quality & Pollution of Urmia Gadarchay Catchment, Using Water Quality Index and WRASTIC Vulnerability Model

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف : ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﻮزهآﺑﺮﯾﺰ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺪارﭼﺎي )ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺮﯾﺰ درﯾﺎﭼﻪ اروﻣﯿﻪ( ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب آن ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ و ﻧﻘﺎط ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺣﻮزهآﺑﺮﯾﺰ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ آب ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ اراﺋﻪ راﻫﮑﺎر ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از اﯾﺠﺎد آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﯾﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎر آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﭘﺲاز ﺟﻤﻊ آوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت در ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪ، ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺣﻮزهآﺑﺮﯾﺰ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ وﺑﻪ ﻫﺸﺖ ﺑﺎزه ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺑﺮاﺳﺎسﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب وﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺼﻠﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﻣﻘﺪار ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب اﯾﺮان و آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺣﻮزه ﺑﺎ روش راﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ : ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب، ﺳﺮﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﺧﻪاﺻﻠﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ دررده ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎًﺑﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎًﺧﻮب ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﯿﺰان آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺮﯾﺰ ﻧﯿﺰ 59 ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن از ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ زﯾﺎد دارد. وﺟﻮد ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊآﻻﯾﻨﺪه ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﭘﺮورشﻣﺎﻫﯽ، ﻣﺮﻏﺪاريﻫﺎ، ﮐﺸﺘﺎرﮔﺎه، ﺷﻬﺮﮐﻬﺎيﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮيو روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ و ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب، ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ در ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎب ﺣﻮزه ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ آﻻﯾﻨﺪهﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﺖﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ رﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ و ﮐﺸﺎورزي درﺣﺎل اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از اﯾﺠﺎد آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ از راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎيﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ 1 ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﺎزهاي، 4 ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻏﯿﺮﺳﺎزهاي و 2 ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﻻﯾﻨﺪه و اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﯿﻔﯽ در ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن و ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﯾﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ آب ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل اﺻﻼﺣﺎت ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮد.

Background and Objectives: Study area of this study is Gadarchay Catchment (Part of Urmia Basin) that has been affected by the agricultural and industrial activities as well as population points. In this study, quality and pollution of Gadarchay Catchment Using Iran Water Quality Index and WRASTIC Vulnerability Model has been investigated to improve water quality, preventing of pollution and reducing pollution load by using management mitigation plans. Method: After collecting the history of study and completing the information, the catchment area have been assigned and divided to eight zones. Then sampling stations have been chosen by some criterions and sampling program have been started seasonally and the water quality index using IRWQISC have been estimated. Findings: The quality of rivers was in partly bad to partly good. The vulnerability of the catchment area has been calculated 59 that show the high sensitivity of the river catchment area. Availability of pollutants in the study area for example fisheries, bird houses, slaughter house, industrial areas and urban and rural areas by the river and discharge of waste water, causes wide pollution in river specially in mid-zone and downstream of the catchment area. These pollutants are increasing due to the growth of population and industrial and agricultural development. Discussion and Conclusion: For improvement of water quality and preventing of pollution, management mitigation plans are used and proposed plans including one structural plan, four non-structural plans and two joint plans are planned. Also it’s useful to detect pollutant sources and quality conservation acts and pollution control in case of monitoring of water quality projects and reforming the existing water quality monitoring.