تبيين اثرات راه و سيستم حمل‌ونقل روستا - شهري بر توسعه اقتصادي، اجتماعي نواحي روستايي (مطالعه موردي: بخش بندپي شرقي شهرستان بابل)

Investing the Impact of Expansion of the Rural-Urban Public Transport System on the Economic and Social Development in Rural Areas in the Eastern Region of Bandpey in Babol County

سيستم حمل‌ونقل روستا ـ شهري و راه روستايي نقش مهمي در پيش‌گيري از محروميت اجتماعي، اقتصادي و انزواي مناطق دورافتاده و روستايي برعهده دارد و در همه جوامع پيش­نياز پيشرفت و توسعه مي­باشد. بنابراين، قابليت دسترسي به حمل‌ونقل عمومي روستايي به‌عنوان يكي از مؤلفه‌هاي مهم توسعه مي­تواند آثار مختلفي بر توسعه اقتصادي و اجتماعي مناطق روستايي داشته باشد. در اين مقاله، نقش شبكه راه­هاي ارتباطي و سيستم حمل‌ونقل عمومي روستا ـ شهري بر توسعه اقتصادي، اجتماعي نواحي روستايي مطالعه مي­شود. نوع پژوهش، از نظر هدف كاربردي و از لحاظ روش انجام تحقيق، توصيفي ـ تحليلي مي­باشد. داده­هاي موردنياز از طريق پرسش‌نامه گردآوري شده است. جامعه آماري پژوهش ساكنان روستاهاي جلگه­اي ـ جنگلي و روستاهاي كوهستاني ـ جنگلي دهستان سجادرود و فيروزجاه شهرستان بابل مي­باشند. در اين پژوهش از روش نمونه­گيري طبقه­اي نسبي با حجم نمونه­ي 1028 خانوار (روش كوكران) استفاده شده و براي تحليل متغيرها، متناسب با نوع داده­ها، از آزمون من ويتني و مدل معادلات ساختاري استفاده شده است. با توجه به يافته­هاي تحقيق، توسعه اقتصادي روستاهاي دهستان فيروزجاه بيشتر از عناصر تبيين‌كننده زيرساختي و كيفي شبكه راه­ها و سيستم حمل‌ونقل عمومي (85 درصد) و توسعه اجتماعي آنها از عناصر تبيين‌كننده مرتبط با وضعيت خدماتي و ايمني (30 درصد) تأثير پذيرفته است. در مقابل روستاهاي موردمطالعه دهستان سجادرود در بعد توسعه اجتماعي بيشتر از عناصر زيرساختي و كيفي (45 درصد) و از نظر توسعه اقتصادي بيشتر از عناصر خدماتي و ايمني شبكه راه و سيستم حمل‌ونقل عمومي (61 درصد) تأثير پذيرفته است. گسترش شبكه راه و حمل‌ونقل عمومي به‌عنوان پيش‌نياز و زيربناي توسعه در باروري استعدادهاي بالقوه جوامع نقشي اساسي دارد و پيوند ناگسستني با توسعه اجتماعي و اقتصادي دارد و سبب تضعيف انزواگرايي و اقتصاد بسته روستاها و تقويت حس تعلق به جامعه بزرگ‌تر مي‌شود

Purpose: In rural areas of developing countries, lack of facilities and geographical isolation can be considered as the major causes of poverty leading to limited opportunities in achieving sustainable economic and social improvement. Public transport system has a crucial role in the prevention of social and economic exclusion and marginalization of rural and remote areas. Access to public transport can have various effects on economic and social development of these areas. In this article we studied the role of the communication network and public transport system in economic and social development of the rural areas. Therefore it is intended to answer the following questions: - What are the different views of mountain village people and plain village people about rural road network and rural – urban public transport system? - Do the factors like improvement of network construction and expansion of rural roads and public transport systems lead to economic boom in the study area? - Do the factors like network construction, improvement of rural roads and expansion of public transport systems lead to improvement of social conditions in the study area? Methodology: The research was done on the base of descriptive and exploratory method. The population of this research is the forest-mountain and plain villagers chosen in the eastern region of Bandpey in Babol County. Due to the purpose of the research, descriptive-analytical method was chosen. The data were collected by questionnaires. Validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by applying Cronbach formula with 78%. Residents of plain-forest and mountain-forest villages from Sajadroad and Fyrozjah rural districts are study population. The relative sampling method was used in the present study and for analysing the data, descriptive methods by SPSS software were applied. Finding: It is shown that there are significant differences between the forest-mountain and plain villages in all fields of services like safety, infrastructure, quality of the communication network, and transport system and these factors influence the economic and social development except the quality of the asphalt. In the villages of the plains, two factors of safety road network and public transport system have influential role in the economic and social development. In the forest-foothill villages, social development is influenced by quality improvement of the infrastructure elements and economic development is affected by expanding safety road network and public transport system. Research Limitation: Limited numbers of forest-mountain villages are selected as sample. Practical Implications: In all societies, rural transport system has been considered as a prerequisite for progress and one of the important aspects of rural development. Furthermore, expanding road network and public transport are regarded as prerequisites and foundations of development in communities which have potential productivity. The aforesaid factors provide unbreakable bond between remote areas like rural ones with socio-economic development and ultimately prevent isolationism in closed economy of rural areas by strengthen the sense of belonging to a larger community. Original/Value: Transportation is a prerequisite for the development of rural areas.