طراحي مدل توسعه پايدار خوشه هاي صنعتي

Designing a Model for Sustainable Development of Industrial Clusters

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ، ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ از ﺑﻨﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ در ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺧﺎص ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ و در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ، ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اي و ﻣﻠﯽ دارﻧﺪ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، اراﯾﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺪل ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، از روش ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ داده ﺑﻨﯿﺎد" اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. داده ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮردﻧﯿﺎز ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﻈﺮي و ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ )CDA( ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺿﻤﻨﺎ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، 18 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﯾﮏ ﻣﺪل ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺟﻤﻊ آوري داده ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، 3 ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎز، ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﻣﺤﻮري و ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺸﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺪل اراﯾﻪ ﺷﺪه، داراي 7 ﺑﻌﺪ اﺻﻠﯽ و 25 ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ رواﺑﻂ ان ﻫﺎ در ﻣﺪل ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس رواﺑﻂ ﻋﻠﯽ و ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﻪ و ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﯿﺮد و در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮد. ﻣﺪل اراﯾﻪ ﺷﺪه، داراي روﯾﮑﺮدي ﻫﻤﻪ-ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ و ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﻌﺪي ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد در ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﻣﺪل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﻓﻀﺎي ﮐﺴﺐ وﮐﺎر و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ در اﯾﺮان درﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Background and Objectives: The industrial clusters are a group of enterprises and related organizations in a particular area, which are geographically close and have relevance with each other. Industrial clusters have an important role in economic development both at the national and regional levels. This paper aims to present a native model for sustainable cluster development. Method: In this research, the "Grounded Theory" method has been used. The required data has been collected through a theoretical sampling method and a semi-structured interview with Cluster Development Agents (CDA(. Meanwhile, the number of research samples was 18. Findings: In this research, a native model is presented for the sustainable development of industrial clusters. After collecting the research data, three coding steps were performed including open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The proposed model has 7 main dimensions and 25 sub-dimensions, and their relationships in the model are based on causal relationships. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of research show that sustainable development of industrial clusters should be carried out continuously and comprehensively and in the process of development, in addition to economic factors, environmental and social factors must be considered. The proposed model has a multidimensional and multidimensional approach to the development of industrial clusters and can be used by development agents in order to achieve sustainable development. In developing the present model, the business climate and the conditions for the development of industrial clusters in Iran have been considered.