بهره وري زيست محيطي و رابطه آن با درآمد در گروه كشورهاي اسلامي (D8)

Environmental Efficiency and Its Relationship with Income in Islamic Countries (D8)

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: رﺷﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي دوﻟﺖ ﻫﺎﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎاﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل، رﺷﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد زﯾﺂن ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ )ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪه از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ( ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. از اﯾﻦ رو، ﯾﮏ ﺗﻀﺎد ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ وﺟﻮد دارد، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﯾﺞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺗﻌﺎرض ﻣﯿﺎن رﺷﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ در ﺣﻮزه اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﯽ داده ﻫﺎ )DEA( ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي اﺳﻼﻣﯽ در ﺣﺎل-ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ D8( ﻃﯽ دوره 1980-2014 ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. آﻧﮕﺎه، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش داده ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ و درآﻣﺪ ﺳﺮاﻧﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ از ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ Data world bank, Economy( )watch and … ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي D8 ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮخ 1/02 اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮخ 1/021 و ﻧﺮخ 0/998 در ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻓﻨﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻓﻨﯽ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ در ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ )1( و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس )0/998( اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: رﺷﺪ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ در اﯾﺮان 1/016 اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﺎﻟﺰي)1/053(، اﻧﺪوﻧﺰي)1/042(، ﻧﯿﺠﺮﯾﻪ)1/036( و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ)1/025( در درﺟﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﻗﺮار دارد. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ درآﻣﺪ ﺳﺮاﻧﻪ و آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﮐﻮزﻧﺘﺲ در اﯾﻦ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﻧﯿﺴﺖ.

Background and Objective: Economic growth is the main goal of many economic policies of governments. However, rapid economic growth often causes serious damage to the environment (due to the increasing use of natural resources). Hence, there is a potential contradiction between economic growth policies and the state of the environment, so gradually the issue of conflict between economic growth and environmental quality became one of the topics of discussion in the field of environmental economics. Method: In the field of environmental economics in this study, using data envelopment analysis method (DEA) the environmental efficiency was calculated for developing Islamic countries (D8) during the period of 1980-2014. Then, using the panel data method, the relationship between environmental efficiency and per capita income was investigated. Information about these countries was collected from various economic sites such as the Data world bank, Economy watch and …. Findings: The results show that the average of environmental efficiency of the D8 countries increased at a rate of 1.02. This increases the efficiency of technology to increase efficiency at the rate of 1.021 and 0.998 of technical efficiency. Technical efficiency is because of the increase in management efficiency (1) and scale efficiency (0.998). Discussion and Conclusion The growth of environmental efficiency in Iran is 1.016, which is in the fifth place after Malaysia (1.053), Indonesia (1.042), Nigeria (1.036) and Turkey (1.025). According to the results, there is a direct relationship between per capita income and environmental pollution, so Kuznets law is not established in these countries.